RE:Price fixing effects on Pharmaceutical R&D investmentaussyspitz wrote: https://www.nber.org/digest/may05/effect-price-controls-pharmaceutical-research#:~:text=...,of%20developing%20a%20new%20drug.
"The vast majority of R and D projects fail for reasons related to safety, efficacy, or commercial viability, the authors note. For compounds that do gain FDA approval and are taken to market, the entire process from discovery to launch takes on average about 15 years."