TSXV:SQD.H - Post by User
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FactFinder1994on Mar 30, 2022 9:50pm
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Post# 34561343
Another positive reference to IgA......SQI's EXACT
Another positive reference to IgA......SQI's EXACTAntibody Test is bang on with its 6 targets including IgA for both S and N protein.
Nasal nanoparticle (NP) vaccines for #COVID19. The NPs can be polysaccharides, lipids or proteins, polymers or biomimetics. Nasal vaccines are part of the mucosal vaccines, including oral and spray vaccines. These go to the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) of the nose, intestine, lungs, and other body openings. Aerosolized vaccines elicit mucosal and systemic immunity via bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue (BALT). Nasal vaccines produce high levels of neutralizing antibodies as well as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T cell responses in the mucosa that clear the virus from the upper and lower respiratory tract. Antigen-specific IgA prevents viral adherence to and infection of the epithelium, thus safeguarding the mucosal barrier (IgA antibodies are not typically produced by intramuscular vaccines). Antigen-presenting dendritic cells present the viral antigens to the nasopharynx-associated lymphatic tissue (NALT) throughout the oropharynx and nasopharynx, stimulating both mucosal and systemic immunity. Anti-spike and anti-envelope #SARSCoV2 antibodies can neutralize the corresponding antigens and the virus within the dendritic cells. After NPs enter the nasal cavity, they linger briefly in the nasal mucosa before entering the epithelial cells of the airway. The time spent in the mucus is dependent on the size of the NPs, the charge, and chemical composition. Both passive entry as well as endocytosis have been noted to occur in the nasal mucosa. They may be directly captured by dendritic cells or by M cells. Once this occurs, mucosal immunity is elicited, preventing future viral entry more effectively than the humoral immunity produced by injectable vaccines. Nasal Nanovaccines for SARS-CoV-2 to Address COVID-19 mdpi.com • 2 min read