Recent article Oct 10 by Dr.Wu Some background
This is my first post, I first invested in Westaim in 2005, but I worked with Dr. Wu the first time he came to Japan in 1989 or 90 so I have follwed the technology for a long time.
In the late 90's when all stocks were flying I thought it would take a great deal longer for iFire to commercialize but in 2005 I say renewed interest in Japan by Sharp, Sony on EL (organic but still in the same general area and market), so I checked to see if Westaim was still around and invested a very modest amount. The stock crashed and so I just chalked it up to hopeless. Then a few weeks ago I saw an article on the Sony OED display. At only 11 inch and very small production capacity - I thought there was definately still time for iFire.
Hulks comment on sputtering technoly changing for AC to DC was interesting to me so I began thinking about Westaim yet again. At this point I don't know if I am brave enough to put in $10,000 but a couple of thousand shares is nothing and worth the risk. But at this point I think the risk is significantly less than it had ever been.
1. From the article I will post below - it seems to confirm that the issue is sputtering and they may have found a solution.
2. The manufacturing process is well suited to commercial production in China. With relatively small investments of 160 million manufacturing facilities can be dispursed which helps regional development in China. To me this is a clear advantage.
The following translated article is an excellent overview and I think significant in that it was published on Oct. 10 2007 found on the Chinese OEFAN.com web site.
When I posted the following the Chinese is included with the translation perhaps you could try the following site to view an all English version of the translation
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Abstract:艾费尔technology companies developed a new type of all-solid-state flat-panel display technology, the technology by printing thick film dielectric layer and thin film composed of fluorescent layer. 艾费尔科技公司的这项专利技术称为无机厚膜电致发光（thick dielectric electroluminescent, TDEL）技术，在亮度、对比度、色彩、图像质量、寿命和制造力等方面不断提高。 艾费尔Technology, Inc. The patented technology known as inorganic Thick Film Electroluminescent (thick dielectric electroluminescent, TDEL) technology, the brightness, contrast, color, image quality, life expectancy and manufacture of such areas continues to increase. 目前，公司已建成了34in 中试线，通过中试生产使技术由研发转向产业化，并将产品投放到高清晰度平板电视市场。 At present, the company has built a 34 in pilot lines, so that through the pilot production technology from R & D to production, and products devoted to high-definition flat-panel TV market.
关键词：无机厚膜电致发光；平板电视； Key words: inorganic thick film electroluminescence; Flat-panel TV;
iFire’s TDEL Technology brings a New View to Flat Panel Television Displays IFire's TDEL Technology brings a New View to Flat Panel Television Displays
Abstract：iFire Technology Corp .has invented a new solid state display technology based on a combination of thick film screen printing and thin film phosphors, called Thick Dielectric Electroluminescent, or TDEL. The technology continuously developed to improve brightness, contrast, colour, image quality, lifetime, and manufacturability (cost). Now the company is in transition from R&D to commercialization of displays for the television marketplace, with the completion of a pilot manufacturing facility. Abstract: iFire Technology Corp. Has invented a new solid state display technology based on a combination of thick film screen printing and thin film phosphors, called Thick Dielectric Electroluminescent, or TDEL. The technology continuously developed to improve brightness, contrast, color, image quality , lifetime, and manufacturability (cost). Now the company is in transition from R & D to commercialization of displays for the television marketplace, with the completion of a pilot manufacturing facility.
Keywords: TDEL; flat panel TV; Keywords: TDEL; Flat panel TV;
1 简介 1 Introduction
如今电视市场正在经历着巨大的变革。 Now the television market is undergoing tremendous changes. 在过去的50年，随着广播电视标准的改变，电视显示技术也随之发生了重大转变。 In the past 50 years, with changes in the standard radio and television, television display technology also will be a major change. 虽然消费者都很青睐目前的平板电视，而且也愿意接受新科技，但是平板电视对于普通消费者来说仍然是一件奢侈品。 Although consumers have favored the current flat-panel TVs, but also willing to accept the new technology, but flat-panel TVs to ordinary consumers is still a luxury.
在 2005年, 全世界85% 的电视销售价格都低于1千美元。 In 2005, the world 85% of the TV sales prices are less than 1 1,000 US dollars. [1] CRT电视以价格低，图像清晰等优势仍然在全世界占主导地位 。 [1] CRT TV to low prices and the pictures are clear advantages in the world still dominated. 艾费尔科技公司位于加拿大，是一个从事平面显示方面研究的技术研发公司，开发出了一项新的平板显示技术，此技术与CRT电视性能相似，成本低，而且比目前市场上其它的电视显示器更薄，更轻。 艾费尔technology companies in Canada, is a study in flat panel display technology research and development company, developed a new flat panel display technology, and this technology similar to CRT TV performance, low cost, but also on the market other than the TV monitors thinner, lighter.
2 TDEL-平板电视新选择 2 TDEL-flat-panel TV New Choice
TDEL 也称为无机厚膜电致发光，是由艾费尔科技公司开发出的一项全固体，大屏幕平板电视显示技术。 TDEL also known as the thick-film electroluminescence inorganic, by艾费尔technology companies to develop an all-solid-state, large-screen flat-panel TV display technology. 作为无机电致发光显示技术的一种，TDEL采用专利的单一蓝色荧光体作为发光源，显示器基于其专利的厚膜介电结构，能产生极好的图像品质及色彩饱和度，提供足够的强度及可靠性。 As a non-Organic Electroluminescent Display Technology一种, TDEL using patented single blue phosphor as a light source, the display based on its patented thick film dielectric structure, can produce excellent image quality and color saturation, and provide sufficient strength and reliability.
TDEL显示器的最大特点是：简单的全固体结构，不含LCD结构中的液体，也不含PDP 结构中的气体，使得TDEL显示器比其它电视显示器更薄，更轻。 TDEL displays the greatest features: The simple structure of the all-solid-state, non-LCD structure in the liquid, non-PDP structure in the gas, making TDEL displays thinner than other TV monitors, lighter. 37英寸TDEL显示器仅有2厘米厚，重量不超过10公斤。 37 inches TDEL displays only 2 cm thick, weighing not more than 10 kg. TDEL显示器件采用普通的制造工艺，如丝网印刷和溅射工艺， 成品率高，制造成本低。 TDEL display using ordinary manufacturing processes, such as screen printing and sputtering technology, high-yield, low manufacturing costs.
Figure 1: iFire’s TDEL 显示器结构 Figure 1: iFire's TDEL displays structure
艾费尔的TDEL 显示器结构简单，基于玻璃基板上，由上下两层电极之间夹一层厚膜介电质层和薄膜荧光层形成像素点矩阵。 艾费尔the TDEL displays simple structure, based on glass substrates, by the distinction between folders electrode layer of thick-film dielectric layer and the formation of thin films fluorescence pixel matrix. 专利的高介电常数的厚膜介电质层通过简单的丝网印刷制成，使TDEL显示器在性能，尺寸大小，制造力和成本等方面都有着卓越的优势。 The high dielectric constant of patent thick film dielectric layer through a simple screen printing made to TDEL displays in performance, size, power and cost manufacturing areas have a superior advantage.
TDEL的发展历史 The history of the development TDEL
无机厚膜电致发光（TDEL ）技术的发明起始于90年代初，起初是在研究部门里进行的一个科研项目。 Inorganic thick-film electroluminescent (TDEL) technology invention began in the early 1990s, initially in the research department conducted a research project. 这个研究部门被称为Westaim Initiative，致力于开发以特殊材料和涂覆为基础的新产品。 This research known as Westaim Initiative, focused on the development of special materials and coating based on the new products. 最初此项目主要研究用于混合电路里的丝网印刷厚膜介电质材料，最早加入此项目的是吴兴炜博士，他将丝网印刷厚膜电极和介电质层，与高效能薄膜EL荧光层相结合创造出了一种新型的平板显示-TDEL。 The initial research for this project, the hybrid circuit screen printing of thick-film dielectric materials, the first to join this project is Dr. Wu Xing Wei, he will screen-printed thick film electrode and dielectric layer, and high-efficiency fluorescent layer film EL combine to create a new type of flat panel display - TDEL.
最初的显示器件是在2英寸的钛酸钡（BaTiO3）基片上制成的。 The initial display is in two inches of barium titanate (BaTiO3) on the substrate made of. 此种基片在其钛酸钡介电质层表面首先涂上了一层金属膜。 Such substrate in its barium titanate Dielectric layers showed a surface of the first layer of metal film. 黄色硫化锌（锰）ZnS:Mn 荧光膜和透明ITO膜均用电子束蒸发技术镀成，镀膜时采用了简单的掩膜版。 Yellow ZnS (Mn) ZnS: Mn fluorescent membrane and transparent ITO films are used electron beam evaporation technology into plating, coating using a simple mask. 这个项目小组还开发出了一些简单的多路电路，这样就可以独立的控制8个发光单元。 The project team has also developed a simple multi-channel circuit, and that can independently control eight luminous unit. 如图2所示： Figure 2 below:
图 2 –最初的 TDEL原型 Figure 2 - The initial prototype TDEL
接下来就是开发点阵显示技术。 Next is the development of lattice display technology. 起初设计了64 x 64像素的4英寸显示屏样机，采用的是标准的混合电路板所用的 “96% 纯度的氧化铝板”，银类行电极由丝网印刷法制成，再加上一层用丝网印刷制成的铌酸铅镁 (PMN) 为基础的 介电质层。 Initially designed a 64 x 64 pixel 4-inch screen prototype, is the standard used in the hybrid circuit boards used in the "96% purity alumina plate," Silver category trip by screen printing electrodes into the legal system, coupled with a layer produced by screen printing of lead magnesium niobate (PMN) - based referral Xinhua quality layer. 这个由约20微米厚且具有高介电常数的厚膜层既保护了面板免受粉尘的影响，又降低了操作电压，而且还提高了发光性能。 This from about 20 microns thick and has a high dielectric constant of thick-film layer to protect the panel from the impact of dust, and reduce the operation voltage, it has also enhanced its luminescent properties. 由于介电质层需要平面化处理后才能镀上合适的薄膜发光层和电极，因此在薄膜上还要加一层用铅锆钛（PZT）为基质的溶胶，用浸泡成膜方法制成。 As Dielectric layers need to be treated plane of plating on a suitable film luminescent layer and electrode, therefore there would be a layer of film on the use of lead zirconium titanium (PZT) for the sol matrix using immersion method film made. 荧光层和ITO均用电子束蒸发技术镀膜，用掩膜版制成纵向列电极。 Fluorescence ITO layer and are using electron beam evaporation coating technology used in mask made of vertical electrodes.
为了进一步提高TDEL显示器性能和分辨率，开发了出一种新的ITO成线方法，由激光刻蚀切线取代了掩膜蒸发。 To further enhance performance and resolution TDEL displays, developed a new method of the ITO into line by laser etching tangent replaced the mask evaporation. 最初使用铯激光，后来采用钇铝石榴石（YAG）和准分子激光系统。 The initial use of cesium laser was used yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and the excimer laser system. 初始样品是在0.7 毫米厚的氧化铝基片上制成，尺寸为6英寸 x 2英寸，256 x 64像素，像素间距约 0.5 毫米。 The initial sample is 0.7 mm thick, made of alumina substrate measuring 6 inches x 2 inches, 256 x 64 pixels, pixel spacing of about 0.5 mm.
这些6” x 2”的单色显示器适用于中等程度信息量的显示，应用范围有限。 These 6 "x 2" monochrome display applicable to moderate the amount of information that the limited scope of application. 为了开发用途范围更广的小尺寸显示器，选择了5英寸的四分之一VGA (320 x 240 像素，qVGA, 仍用0.7毫米厚的氧化铝基片)系列，其像素为 300 微米。 In order to develop a wider range of uses small size displays, chose five inches a quarter VGA (320 x 240 pixels, qVGA, still using 0.7 mm thick alumina substrate) series, the pixels of 300 microns. 除了单色的黄色显示以外，这种5英寸的qVGA屏还可以进一步升级为多色显示。 In addition to the yellow monochrome display, this 5-inch qVGA screen can be upgraded to multicolor display. 原理是利用硫化锌（锰）ZnS:Mn黄色光谱宽带，峰值波长在585纳米，经滤色后可发出红色和绿色光。 Principle is the use of zinc sulfide (Mn) ZnS: Mn yellow broadband spectral peak in the 585 nanometer wavelength, the filter may be issued after the red and green light. 在单色显示300微米像素的基础上将每条纵线细分两条150微米的子线，再把单色显示所用的平光或中性滤光片换成红，绿滤光片并定线便制成了一个多色显示器 [2]。 In monochrome display 300-micron pixel basis of each vertical line segment of the two 150-millimeter line, and then monochrome display used平光or neutral filter replaced by red, green filter and alignment will be made of a multicolor display [2]. 如图3所示： As shown in figure 3:
图 3– 5” q VGA 单色和多色 显示器原型 Figure 3 - 5 "q VGA monochrome and multicolor display prototype
与此同时，艾费尔还开发了一列独特的数字和字母-数字显示器，可以在很薄的屏上制作高亮度的像素。 At the same time,艾费尔has also developed a unique numbers and letters - digital displays, the screen can be very thin on the production of high brightness of pixels. 样品像素大小为5 平方厘米，亮度大于1, 500 cd/m2 （60 Hz）, 厚度小于2毫米。 Samples pixel size for 5 cm2, brightness greater than 1, 500 cd/m2 (60 Hz), the thickness of less than 2 mm. 字符可达100毫米高，拼在一起可制成大型显示屏，如图3所示。 Characters up to 100 mm high, fight together can be made large screen, As shown in figure 3. 这些样品很有趣的一个方面是其独特的驱动线路系统。 These samples very interesting aspect is its unique line drive system. 利用SCR阵列作为开关部件，显示屏可以直接使用北美的120伏（RMS），60Hz交流电源，从而省去了电力转换控制系统。 Using SCR as a switch array components, displays can be used directly in North America 120 volts (RMS), 60Hz AC power supply, thereby eliminating the power converter control system. 如图4所示： Figure 4 below:
图 4 – 100mm tall 8 segment numeric display Figure 4 - 100mm tall 8 segment numeric display
在整个90年代，艾费尔开发出了以“白源成彩”技术为基础的红，绿，蓝多色显示样机。 Throughout the 1990's,艾费尔developed a "白源into color" technology-based red, green, blue multicolor display prototype. 白色光可以采用黄色ZnS:Mn 荧光材料和青蓝色SrS:Ce 荧光材料的多层薄膜结构而得到。 White light can be used yellow ZnS: Mn blue fluorescent materials and Green SrS: Ce fluorescent material structure of the multi-layer film obtained. 红，绿，蓝三基色可以通过彩色过滤而实现。 Red, green, blue trichromatic color filter can be achieved. [3] 基于这一初步的有前途的实验结果，公司决定致力于大尺寸电视市场，并且延迟小尺寸单色，多色或数字显示的研究工作。 [3] Based on this preliminary promising results, the company decided to devote large-size TV market, and delayed small size monochrome, multicolor or figures show that the research work. 1997年，艾费尔展示了第一块采用厚膜电致发光和“白源成彩”的5英寸红，绿，蓝显示器。 In 1997,艾费尔displayed the first one using thick-film electroluminescence and "白源into color," 5-inch red, green and blue display.
与此同时，艾费尔引进的几个新的驱动系统，采用模拟电压控制，实现了7级灰度。 At the same time,艾费尔introduction of several new drive system using analogue voltage control and realized the seven gray. 1998年，艾费尔展示了以 “白源成彩”为基础的5英寸样机，这是世界上首台采用无机电致发光技术而制成的全彩色，全动画的视频显示器，如图5所示。 In 1998,艾费尔demonstrate the "白源into color" as the basis of 5-inch prototype, which is the world's first use of organic electroluminescent technology made of full-color, full-animated video displays, Figure 5 below. 这些“白源成彩”的显示器是TDEL技术的重大突破，但其亮度峰值只能达到50 cd/m2，并且色彩饱和性不太好。 These "白源into color" display TDEL technology is a major breakthrough, but its peak brightness can only reach 50 cd/m2, and color saturation of not very good. 为了在进军电视市场的道路上迈上一个更新的台阶，大幅度的提高亮度和改善色彩饱和性是必须的。 In order to enter the TV market in the road to a newer level, greatly enhanced brightness and improved color saturation is a must. 基于这种考虑，艾费尔开始了刻蚀荧光材料的研究工作。 Based on this consideration,艾费尔began etching fluorescent materials research.
图 5 –5英寸 qVGA 红，绿，蓝显示器原型-7级灰度 Figure 5 -5-inch qVGA red, green and blue prototype -7-level gray-scale display
起初，“白源成彩”被二次光刻（2P）工艺所取代，艾费尔在Sendai召开的IDW99 会上展示了8.5英寸采用二次光刻（2P）工艺制备而成的样机。 At first, "白源-luck" was second lithography (2 P) Process replaced by艾费尔in Sendai held IDW99 meeting showed 8.5 inches by the second lithography (2 P) Preparation of the prototype form. 除了新的工艺外，2P技术还用于开发新的和更大尺寸的显示器-这就是8.5英寸，四分之一VGA，发光元为540微米的显示器。 In addition to the new technology, 2 P technology also for the development of new and larger displays - that is 8.5 inches, a quarter VGA, luminous yuan to 540 microns display. 在二次光刻（2P）工艺中，首先沉积 SrS:Ce蓝色荧光体薄膜，然后进行退火以便得到良好的晶体结构。 In the second lithography (2 P) process, the first deposition SrS: Ce blue phosphor film, and then annealed in order to get good crystal structure. 再用光刻工艺在所需保留的蓝色亚发光单元上盖上光刻胶。 Reuse lithography process in the necessary reservations on the blue-light module covered with photoresist. 没有光刻胶的地方，沉积上黄色ZnS:Mn薄膜，从而形成红色和绿色亚发光元。 No place photoresist deposition on the yellow ZnS: Mn film, thereby forming the red and green-light yuan. [4] 最后用剥落法将光刻胶去掉，留下的就是蓝色SrS:Ce和黄色的ZnS:Mn相间的条纹。 [4] Finally, peeling method photoresist removed, the left is blue SrS: Ce and yellow ZnS: Mn and white stripes. 这种结构立即改善了显示样机的亮度和色彩饱和性。 Such a structure to immediately improve the prototype shows the brightness and color saturation. [5] [5]
在成功的制备成了采用二次光刻工艺的显示器后，艾费尔开发出了三次光刻（3P）工艺，旨在进一步改善显示器性能。 Preparation became successful in the second lithography process by the display,艾费尔developed a three lithography (3 P) technology, designed to further improve display performance. 3P采用同样的刻蚀与剥落技术，只是重复两次以实现三色光。 3 P apply the same etching and spalling technologies, in order to achieve just three repeat twice Shade. 在3P工艺中，红光采用ZnS:Mn，而绿光采用ZnS:Tb。 In 3 P process, the red light used ZnS: Mn, and the use of green ZnS: Tb. 这两种材料都可以用溅射技术制备，而且可以获得非常高的亮度。 These materials can be prepared by sputtering technology, but can be very high brightness. 在120 Hz 阈值以上 60 V的驱动电压下，亮度超过3000 cd/m2。 120 Hz and above 60 V threshold voltage drivers, brightness over 3000 cd/m2. 最后，艾费尔 引入了以BaAl2S4:Eu为基础的新的蓝色荧光材料，这种荧光材料起初是在日本Meiji大学开发的。 Finally,艾费尔introduced to BaAl2S4: Eu-based new blue fluorescent material, which is fluorescent material in the initial development of the Japanese Meiji University. [6] 艾费尔在2002年的信息显示学会（SID）年会上展示了采用这种新技术制成的样机。 [6]艾费尔In 2002 the Society of Information Display (SID) annual meeting demonstrated the use of this new technology into the prototype. 新的荧光体能提供更的亮度，超过300cd/m2，颜色范围很宽。 New fluorescence physical provide more brightness, more than 300 cd/m2, a wide color range. 但是，该加工工艺要求沉积三色发光材料和一系列的光刻步骤，使得加工工艺变得很复杂。 However, the processing requirements of sedimentary color luminescent materials and a series of photolithography steps, making processing technology has become very complicated. 而且，由于有３种不同的发光材料，很难调整发光材料的阈值电压的匹配和在整个灰度范围内可接受的色彩的均匀性。 But, as three different luminescent materials, it is difficult to adjust luminous materials of the threshold voltage in the entire match and within an acceptable gray color uniformity.
蓝源成彩技术的发展， 2003年----现在 Cai Lan source technology into the development in 2003 - now
基于这个高效能的蓝色荧光体，[7] “蓝源成彩™技术基于电致发光物理学。艾费尔以前所采用的三次光刻（3P）工艺，需要三色荧光体系统来产生红，绿，蓝光。 但现在采用的“蓝源成彩”技术，只以单一的高亮度蓝色荧光材料为基本发光源。为了获得必要的红色和绿色，颜色转换材料通过丝网印刷的方式沉积到上电极的表面。通过吸收蓝色荧光光材料发出的蓝光而发出红色和绿色光。 For this high-performance blue phosphor, [7], "a source Cai Lan ™ technology is based on electroluminescence physics.艾费尔past, the three lithography (3 P) process requires three color phosphor system to generate red, green and blue light. But now, the "source into Cai Lan" technology, only to a single high brightness blue fluorescent materials for the basic light source. In order to obtain the necessary red and green, the color conversion materials through screen printing on the way to the deposition of the electrode surface. through the blue fluorescent light absorption materials issued by the blue and red and green light.
图 6- iFire’s “蓝源成彩” 系统 Figure 6 - iFire's "Blue source into color" system
“蓝源成彩” 比三次光刻（3P）工艺能获得更高亮度和更饱和色彩，同时也能提高面板的对比度，以及更好的灰度和色彩均匀性。 "Blue source-luck" lithography than three (3 P) technology to a higher brightness and color saturation, but also can enhance the contrast panels, as well as better grayscale and color uniformity. 显示器的电子系统也非常简单，由于只有一种发光材料发光，不需要考虑发光材料的阈值电压的匹配的问题，而且所有的像素的光电特性都是一致的。 The electronic display system is also very simple, as only a luminous materials luminescence, luminescent materials do not need to consider the threshold voltage of the match, and all the optical and electrical properties of the pixel is the same. 这个新的工艺过程加速了无机电致发光显示器的生产，同时降低了大规模生产所需的资本投资和生产成本。 This new process has accelerated organic electroluminescent display without the production, while reducing the mass production of the necessary capital investment and production costs.
最初以“蓝源成彩” 技术制成的显示器原型证明了用TDEL技术制造电视的可能性, 但是，要实现大规模生产，以前所采用的氧化铝基板必须换为玻璃基板。 Initially in the "blue-source color" display technology made from the prototype proved TDEL technology with the possibility of creating television, but in order to achieve large-scale production, the past, the need for alumina substrate for the glass substrates. 到2003年，所有的显示器原型都使用了标准的等离子显示器玻璃基板，以有利于生产和降低成本并适合大尺寸显示器的生产，在2004年，艾费尔制造出了34英寸的高清电视显示器。 By 2003, all the display prototype using standard plasma display glass substrate, in order to facilitate production and reduce cost and suitable for the production of large-size displays, in 2004,艾费尔produce 34-inch high-definition TV monitors. [8] （如图7所示） [8] (Figure 7 shows)
图 7: 34” TDEL显示器 Figure 7: 34 "TDEL displays
迈向产业化 Towards the industrialization of
2004年底，艾费尔扩建位于多伦多的厂房，用于３４英寸中试线的建设，并开始了由研发向商业化生产的转换。 By the end of 2004,艾费尔expansion of the plant located in Toronto for 34 inches pilot lines, building, and started a business from R & D to the production of the conversion. 加工区域由原来的15000平方英尺增加到25000平方英尺，同时公司员工已超过150人。 Processing region from 15,000 square feet to 25,000 square feet, while staff have been more than 150 people. 此中试线旨用于证明大规模生产中所要求的制造工艺，包括工艺控制，用于验证扩大生产的能力。 That process pilot lines for the purpose of mass production of proof required by the manufacturing process, including process control, used to validate the expansion of productive capacity.
该中试生产线的设计可以在不需要工人接触的情况下进行34英寸面板的生产。 The pilot production line in the design of the contacts do not need workers to conduct 34-inch panel production. 这个无人接触投料的过程配置了用于装卸面板的自动机械手及人工导向车，是对以前人工操作的更新。 This no contact with the material handling process configuration panels for the automatic and manual manipulator oriented vehicles, the previous manual updates.
2003年，艾费尔科技公司与大日本印刷建立了共同开发联盟。 In 2003,艾费尔technology companies and the establishment of a large Japanese printing joint development alliance. 作为中试生产的一部分，艾费尔与 大日本印刷共同合作，在位于日本的Kashiwa生产线为TDEL提供前台工序的制造。 Pilot production as part of艾费尔with the common printing Japan, in cooperation at Japan's Kashiwa production lines to provide prospects for TDEL manufacturing processes. 前台工序包括基板的准备，以及在34英寸的玻璃基板上完成行电极和厚膜介电质层的制作。 Outlook processes include substrate preparation, as well as in 34 inches of glass substrate electrode and the complete line of thick-film dielectric layer production. 在完成了这些以印刷为主的前台工序后，半制成面板被运回多伦多，完成以溅射工艺为主的后台工序，如荧光体的沉积，纵向电极和色转换材料的制作，同时完成电子组装。 The completion of these prospects in print-based processes, the semi-finished panels were shipped back to Toronto, sputtering process mainly to the completion of the background process, such as phosphor deposition, vertical electrodes and color conversion of the production, and completion of an electronic assembly.
图 8: 自动机械手将面板装入溅射系统 Figure 8: automatic manipulator panels will be installed sputtering system
该中试生产线的主要投资用于包括荧光体镀膜在内的薄膜制作工序，用于此工序的两个大规模流水线磁控溅射系统已安装完毕，并已开始运行。 The pilot production line for a major investment, including the phosphor coating film manufacturing processes, the processes for the two large-scale pipeline magnetron sputtering system has been installed and has started running. 艾费尔公司已证明溅射荧光层比传统的电子束蒸发能得到更好的显示性能。 艾费尔company has proved sputtering fluorescent layer than the traditional electron beam evaporation can be better display performance. 由于溅射工艺干净，快捷，同时不需要光刻处理过程，因此溅射工艺也被证实更适合大规模生产。 The sputtering process clean, efficient, but does not need lithography process, it was confirmed sputtering technology more suitable for mass production. 这些新的溅射系统用于制作艾费尔的高亮度，饱和的蓝色荧光体和ITO透明上电极。 These new sputtering system for the production艾费尔high brightness, saturation and blue phosphors on the ITO transparent electrode.
图 9: 洁净间操作工用人工导向车运载面板 Figure 9: artificial cleansing operatives inter-oriented car carrying panels
艾费尔的蓝源成彩（CBB）工艺过程简单，采用丝网印刷，然后是简单的曝光，显影制成。 艾费尔the source into Cai Lan (CBB) process simple by screen printing, followed by simple exposure, contrast made. 在中试生产中湿处理设备已被安装，以证明大规模生产能力。 Pilot production in the wet processing equipment has been installed to prove that the large-scale production capacity.
艾费尔科技公司与几个在行业内领先的设备供应商共同协作，构成了可以满足大规模生产所需的供应链。 艾费尔technology companies in the industry with several leading equipment suppliers to work together, constitute a large-scale production to meet the requirements of the supply chain. 用于TDEL制造的工艺过程都是大家所熟知的：如丝网印刷，烘焙，溅射，显影等工艺；为了进一步验证工艺，艾费尔同大日本印刷共同发展了大宗材料供应商，以支持生产的需要。 TDEL technology for the manufacturing process are all well-known: as screen printing, baking, sputtering, enhancement, and other technology; To further validation process,艾费尔with the common development of the Japanese printing bulk materials suppliers to support production needs. 艾费尔拥有主要材料的知识产权，一些签约供用商被允许合成这些材料用于起初的验证以及最终的大规模生产。 艾费尔have major materials intellectual property, signing some to be allowed for the use of these materials for initial validation and the final mass production. 中试生产是TDEL技术最终实现产业化的非常重要的一步。 Pilot production is TDEL technology eventually realize the industrialization of a very important step.
TDEL 的优势 TDEL advantage
通过中试生产已证明，TDEL制造工艺相对于其它显示技术更为简单，降低了用于大规模生产的投资。 Through pilot production has proved, TDEL manufacturing process compared to other display technologies simpler and lower for large-scale production investment. LCD生产线投资高于20亿美元，然而投资起始年产3百万片TDEL面板的生产线只需约6亿美元（由IDC估算）。 LCD production line for higher than 2 billion US dollars, but initial investment in producing 3 1 million TDEL panels production line only about 600 million US dollars (from IDC estimated). 同时，TDEL的制造工艺步骤相对较少，能获得较高的良品率，显示器件不需要背光源，同时模拟灰度使电路成本降低。 At the same time, TDEL steps of the manufacturing process relatively small amount can be higher yields, the display does not require backlighting sources, the gray circuit simulation at the same time reduce the cost.
艾费尔将已有的生产技术和创新的结构相结合，制造出了一种优于其它显示技术的高性能，低成本的平板显示技术。 艾费尔to existing production technology and innovative structure combining to create a superior to other display technologies, high-performance, low-cost flat panel display technology. 艾费尔的TDEL技术不仅能使大屏幕平板电视达到普通消费者价位，同时能比其它显示器更薄，更轻。 艾费尔the TDEL technology not only enables large-screen flat-panel TV prices to consumers, while thinner than other displays, lighter. 37英寸的TDEL高清晰度电视显示器仅有2厘米厚，重量不超过10公斤。 37 inches of high-definition TV monitors TDEL only 2 cm thick, weighing not more than 10 kg. 最重要的是，作为以荧光体为基础的无源点阵驱动显示器，TDEL能提供毫不逊色于CRT及其它显示器的图像质量。 The most important thing is, as a phosphor-based Passive Matrix-driven displays, TDEL will provide favorably with the CRT and other display image quality.