mining, overburden, glaciers[1] [2] ancient mining of Michigan copper
[3] overburden...discovery/xploration costs
[4] glaciers/climate
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[1] the following is a post by B212 entitled "interesting article" dated 8/6/11 on the KWG Resource b/board.
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"Here is an interesting article....seems reasonable to extend the Michigan ancient copper deposit a few 100 miles north to the RoF area..."
[1a] https://www.grahamhancock.com/forum/WakefieldJS1.php?p=1
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(if you are unable to launch above url by clicking, then copy/paste the url to "google" or your address bar)
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[2] the above link [1a] takes u into an excellent 6 page research document authored by a Mr. Jay Stuart Wakefield
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the gist of the document:
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The Shipping of Michigan Copper across the Atlantic in the Bronze Age (Isle Royale and Keweenaw Peninsula, c. 2400BC-1200BC)
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(i.e. Michigan copper in the Mediterranean 3200 - 4400 years ago)
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imo, makes for a good read!!! [thanx to B212 for the lead-in]
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[3] OVERBURDEN
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[3A] as noted below, substantial overburden existed in the ROF [Ring Of Fire] area.
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NORTON-MCFAULDS LAKE AREA PROPERTIES
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"This remote area is largely unexplored.....the terrain is flat and swampy...and bedrock exposures are rare.
The eastern portion is covered by a veneer of younger limestone which masks the underlying discovery potential"
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"Because of topography and overburden cover, geological exposures are scarce"
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[the above exerpts are from page #3 of the East West Resource 2008 Annual Report [available on sedar.com]
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[3B] it could be expected that four glaciations slowly grinding their way across the continents would at least leave some areas with minimal overburden.
the Marshall Lake property is one such area.
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Minimum overburden on the Marshall Lake property was mentioned (..) by White Tiger's xploration manager Mr. Stefan Wazniak in his 21 minute WTC video below.
White Tiger's xploration manager Mr. Stefan Wazniak in his 21 minute WTC video below.
( https://www.viddler.com/explore/objectivecapita/videos/72/ )
..very little overburden
..mineralization....Cu, Zn, Ag, Au
..mineralization at/near surface.....open pit potential
..trenching/outcrops equates to low xploration costs
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the Marshall Lake property is about 300 km south/west of the ROF Eagle One property, (reference scale..... "property locations" ....East West Resources 2008 annual report) .......& about 900 km north/east/north of Duluth [U.S.A
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[4] et enfin, just some side-notes:
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[A] the following is an exerpt from page #2 of the above research document [1a]:
The Unique Geology of Michigan Copper
Early in Earth’s history, there were huge volcanic outflows over the Great Lakes area. As new sediments overlaid these flows, copper solutions were crystallizing in the Precambrian flood basalts of the lava layers. The copper had been crystallized in nodules and irregular masses along fracture zones a few inches, to many feet wide. After a billion years, about a quarter of the age of the Earth, four major glaciations ground upon the edges of the old layered basalt lava beds, and exposed some of the embedded copper.
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[B] The impact of global warming
Over the past 425,000 years the Earth has gone through four ice ages punctuated by brief warm periods. We are currently in such a warm period. The trend over the past century has been one of generally rising global temperature. The consensus among climatologists is that there will be a continued increase during the rest of this century.
Sea Level Changes
At the height of the last ice age 18,000 years ago, the oceans were about 120 m (400 ft) lower than they are today. Large amounts of water were sitting on land in the form of glaciers that covered a good portion of North America, Europe, and Asia..................
(reference: https://www.planetseed.com/node/15244)
-------------------------------------ce Age - a Weighty Problem
[C] It is thought that during the past billion years or so, the Earth's climate has fluctuated between warm periods (even completely ice-free at times) and cold periods, when massive glaciers and ice sheets covered huge portions of the planet.
During the cold periods, or Ice Ages, the entire Earth gets colder. The polar regions are very cold, there are large differences in temperature between the equator and the poles, and more snow falls in winter than melts in the summer. Gradually, glaciers form and slowly grind their way across the continents.
The last Ice Age ended about 20,000 years ago, but during its peak, the massive Laurentide ice sheet covered over 5 million sq. miles / 13 million sq. km of North America and stretched from the Arctic through eastern Canada to the northern half of the United States.
Its weight was so great that it depressed the Earth's crust by as much as 700 meters / 2,300 feet, and so much water was deposited on the land in the form of ice and snow that sea levels dropped dramatically
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(reference https://www.athropolis.com/arctic-facts/fact-ice-age-2.htm)
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a sub-note:
the area (swamp) around the James Bay area is slowly rising after being compressed by the last ice age!!
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[D] Though ice-free 18,000 years ago, Alaska was encircled to the east and south by glaciers that separated it from the rest of North America thru out the last Ice Age.
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Two enormous ice sheets mantled all of Canada & northern parts of the U.S.A.
[1] the Cordillrean glacier & [2] the Laurentide ice sheet
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In the far west, the Cordilleran glacier advanced southward from source areas in British Columbia, reaching the latitude of Seattle.
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About 18,000 years ago, the Laurentide ice sheet lay over eastern & central Canada, the center of the ice mass originating near northern Quebec, Labrador & Newfoundland, & spread out to the south and west into Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.
[ref Brian Fagan's "The Long Summer"]
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