| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Ideal graphene vis-à-vis reality |
| 1.2. | Attributes of graphene manufacturing techniques |
| 1.3. | The state of the industry and best way going forward |
| 1.4. | Markets overview and forecasts |
| 2. | GRAPHENE - THE WONDER MATERIAL? |
| 2.1. | What is graphene? |
| 2.2. | Why is graphene so great? |
| 3. | THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF GRAPHENE |
| 4. | COST-EFFECTIVE AND SCALABLE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE IS THE HOLY GRAIL |
| 5. | THE STATE OF INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION AND REVENUE IN THE GRAPHENE MARKET |
| 6. | MOVING UP THE VALUE CHAIN IS CRITICAL |
| 6.1. | Who will be the winner in the graphene space? |
| 7. | THE IP ACTIVITY IS MOVING FROM THE MANUFACTURING SIDE TO COVER END USES |
| 8. | REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE |
| 8.1. | Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost, quality, etc |
| 8.2. | Reduction methods |
| 8.3. | Assessment and market view |
| 8.4. | Companies |
| 8.5. | Pros and cons |
| 9. | CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION |
| 9.1. | Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost, quality, etc |
| 9.2. | Transfer |
| 9.3. | Assessment and market view |
| 9.4. | Companies |
| 9.5. | Pros and cons |
| 10. | LIQUID PHASE EXFOLIATION |
| 10.1. | Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost, quality, etc |
| 10.2. | Assessment and market view |
| 10.3. | Companies |
| 10.4. | Pros and cons |
| 11. | PLASMA |
| 11.1. | Manufacturing details- process, material set, scalability, cost, quality, etc |
| 11.1.1. | Plasma Approach I |
| 11.1.2. | Plasma Approach II |
| 11.2. | Assessment and market view |
| 11.3. | Companies |
| 11.4. | Pros and cons |
| 12. | A GENERAL MARKET OVERVIEW |
| 12.1. | Graphene markets- target markets, go-to-market strategy, the interplay between manufacturing technique and application, etc |
| 12.2. | Assessment for graphene target markets |
| 12.3. | Application/product development lifecycle per market segment |
| 13. | GRAPHENE FUNCTIONAL INKS- WHAT IS THEIR MARKET POSITION? |
| 13.1. | Which applications/market segments will benefit? |
| 13.2. | Assessment |
| 13.3. | Conclusion |
| 14. | GRAPHENE- DOES IT HAVE A FUTURE AS AN ACTIVE CHANNEL IN TRANSISTORS? |
| 14.1. | Graphene- are they good for transistors? |
| 14.1.1. | Digital Applications |
| 14.1.2. | Analogue/RF Electronics |
| 14.1.3. | Large Area Electronics- a comparison with other thin film transistor technologies |
| 14.2. | Conclusions |
| 15. | GRAPHENE IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITES- THE LARGEST NEAR-TERM OPPORTUNITY FOR GRAPHENE |
| 15.1. | Graphene/polymeric composites |
| 15.2. | Is there an added value or performance enhancement? |
| 15.3. | Which applications/market segments will benefit? |
| 15.4. | Our assessment |
| 15.5. | Conclusions |
| 16. | GRAPHENE - HAS IT POTENTIAL IN LITHIUM-ION OR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES? |
| 16.1. | Is there an added value or performance enhancement? |
| 16.2. | Does graphene add value or improve performance when added to epoxy, polyester, PVA, PANI, polycarbonates, PET, PVDA, PDMS, rubber, etc |
| 17. | GRAPHENE- A WINNER REPLACEMENT FOR ITO? |
| 17.1. | What markets require a transparent conductor? |
| 17.2. | Why is ITO dominant and why replace it? |
| 17.3. | Is ITO the only doped metal oxide used in the industry? |
| 17.4. | Is graphene the only material trying to replace ITO? |
| 17.5. | Is there an added value or performance enhancement? |
| 17.6. | Graphene does offer flexibility- is that good enough? |
| 17.7. | How does graphene compare against other transparent conductors? |
| 17.8. | Assessment |
| 17.9. | Conclusions |
| 18. | GRAPHENE - DOES IT DELIVER VALUE IN SUPERCAPACITOR? |
| 18.1. | Supercapacitors- technology and markets |
| 18.2. | Is there an added value or performance enhancement? |
| 18.3. | Assessment |
| 18.4. | Conclusions |
| 19. | GRAPHENE FUNCTIONAL INKS IN RFID TAGS |
| 19.1. | The big picture - number of tags, classifications, price tags |
| 19.2. | What are the material options for RFID tags and how do they compare? |
| 19.3. | Does graphene deliver a value in this crowded market? |
| 19.4. | Market shares |
| 20. | SUMMARY - FORECASTS AND ASSESSMENT |
| 20.1. | Forecast per sector by mass, market share and value |
| 20.1.1. | Smart Packaging |
| 20.1.2. | ITO replacement |
| 20.1.3. | RFID |
| 20.1.4. | R&D |
| 20.1.5. | High-strength composite |
| 20.1.6. | Supercapacitors |
| 21. | COMPANY INTERVIEWS |
| 21.1. | Cheaptubes, USA |
| 21.2. | Durham Graphene Science, UK |
| 21.3. | Grafen, Turkey |
| 21.4. | Graphenea, Spain |
| 21.5. | Graphene Frontiers, USA |
| 21.6. | Graphene Industries, UK |
| 21.7. | Graphene Laboratory, USA |
| 21.8. | Graphene Nano, Spain |
| 21.9. | Graphene Square, Korea |
| 21.10. | Graphene Technologies, USA |
| 21.11. | Haydale, UK |
| 21.12. | Incubation Alliance, Japan |
| 21.13. | Nanoinnova, Spain |
| 21.14. | Showa Denko, Japan |
| 21.15. | Sony, Japan |
| 21.16. | University of Cambridge, UK |
| 21.17. | University of Exeter, UK |
| 21.18. | Vorbeck, USA |
| 21.19. | XG Sciences, USA |
| 21.20. | Xolve, USA |
| 22. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 22.1. | AMO GmbH, Germany |
| 22.3. | BASF, Germany |
| 22.4. | Carben Semicon Ltd, Russia |
| 22.5. | Carbon Solutions, Inc., USA |
| 22.6. | Catalyx Nanotech Inc. (CNI), USA |
| 22.7. | Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), USA |
| 22.8. | Grafoid, Canada |
| 22.9. | GRAnPH Nanotech, Spain |
| 22.10. | Graphene Energy Inc., USA |
| 22.11. | Graphensic, Sweden |
| 22.12. | Harbin Mulan, China |
| 22.13. | HDPlas, USA |
| 22.14. | HRL Laboratories, USA |
| 22.15. | IBM, USA |
| 22.16. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA |
| 22.17. | Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany |
| 22.18. | Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., USA |
| 22.19. | Pennsylvania State University, USA |
| 22.20. | Quantum Materials Corp, India |
| 22.21. | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), USA |
| 22.22. | Rice University, USA |
| 22.23. | Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, USA |
| 22.24. | Samsung Electronics, Korea |
| 22.25. | Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Korea |
| 22.26. | University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA |
| 22.27. | University of Manchester, UK |
| 22.28. | University of Princeton, USA |
| 22.29. | University of Southern California (USC), USA |
| 22.30. | University of Texas at Austin, USA |
| 22.31. | University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA |
| | APPENDIX: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY |
| | TABLES |
| 1.1. | Summary of manufacturing technique attributes including, material sets, graphene quality, target markets and players |
| 1.2. | Markets- assessment of value proposition and incumbent rival materials |
| 2.1. | Graphene vs. carbon nanotubes |
| 8.1. | Different reduction techniques for oxidised graphite or graphene |
| 8.2. | Comparison of graphene properties obtained using different reduction techniques |
| 8.3. | Companies commercialising RGO graphene |
| 8.4. | Pros and cons of RGO graphene |
| 9.1. | Carbon solubility of different metals |
| 9.2. | Companies commercialising CVD graphene |
| 9.3. | Pros and cons of graphene |
| 10.1. | List of suitable organic solvents for exfoliating graphene |
| 10.2. | Companies commercialising liquid-phase exfoliated graphene |
| 10.3. | Pros and cons of commercialising liquid-phase exfoliated graphene |
| 11.1. | Companies commercialising plasma graphene |
| 11.2. | Pros and cons of plasma graphene |
| 12.1. | Primary target markets |
| 13.1. | Outlining and assessing target markets for functional graphene inks |
| 14.1. | Comparison and assessment of material options for thin film transistors |
| 15.1. | A comprehensive table collecting and showing latest results on how adding graphene to various polymers will enhance their electrical, thermal and mechanical properties |
| 15.2. | Potential target markets that will benefit from graphene composites |
| 17.1. | Examples of products requiring transparent conductors |
| 17.2. | Pros and cons of ITO. |
| 17.3. | Which transparent conductors are used in thin film photovoltaic applications |
| 17.4. | A critical assessment of different printable conductive ink options and their corresponding target markets |
| 17.5. | Pros and cons of each manufacturing technique for serving the ITO replacement market |
| 17.6. | Are silver nanowires and fine silver grids suitable for ITO replacement |
| 18.1. | Examples of supercapacitor and supercabattery applications envisaged by suppliers |
| 18.2. | Reported values of graphene-enabled specific capacitance and power density |
| 18.3. | Assessing the value proposition for graphene in different supercapacitor applications |
| 19.1. | Different RFID bands- frequency, range |
| 19.2. | Comparison and assessment of different ink options for printed antennas |
| 20.2. | Graphene markets in smart packaging including mass, unit number, market share, and market value |
| 20.3. | Graphene markets in ITO replacement including market share and market value |
| 20.4. | Graphene markets in RFID including market share, market value, mass and unit number |
| 20.5. | Graphene markets in academic R&D including market share and market value |
| 20.6. | Graphene markets in the high-strength composite market including total addressable market, market share, and market value |
| 20.7. | Supercapacitors market- electrical applications. |
| 20.8. | Supercapacitors market- electronic applications |
| 20.9. | Sensors market |
| 20.10. | Sensors market - electronic applications only |
| | FIGURES |
| 1.1. | Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene quality, cost, scalability and accessible market |
| 1.2. | Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies (by company) |
| 1.3. | Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company. In million USD |
| 1.4. | Market forecast for graphene in different applications between 2012-2018 |
| 1.5. | Market value per application in 2012, 2015 and 2018 |
| 2.1. | Examples of graphene nanostructures |
| 3.1. | Different graphene types available on the market |
| 3.2. | Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene quality, cost, scalability and accessible market |
| 4.1. | Mapping out different manufacturing techniques as a function of graphene quality, cost, accessible market and scalability |
| 5.1. | The state of technology company development in the graphene space |
| 5.2. | Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies |
| 5.3. | Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company (US$ million) |
| 5.4. | Mapping the link between universities and various start-ups in the graphene space. |
| 6.1. | A basic illustration of graphene value chain from precursor to end product |
| 7.1. | Graphene patents filed by year and by patent authority |
| 7.2. | Patent filing by company or institution and by patent authority |
| 8.1. | Structural changes when going from graphite to graphite oxide and graphene |
| 8.2. | Oxidisation reduction damages the graphene lattice |
| 8.3. | Sheet resistance as a function of transmittance for different RGO graphenes |
| 8.4. | Market position for RGO graphene on a performance cost map. |
| 9.1. | CVD manufacturing process flow |
| 9.2. | Example of large-sized cylindrical copper furnace |
| 9.3. | How are graphene sheets transferred and stamped |
| 9.4. | Roll-to-roll transfer of graphene sheets on flexible substrates |
| 9.5. | Market position of CVD graphene on a performance-price map |
| 10.1. | From natural graphene to inkjet ink via liquid-phase exfoliation |
| 10.2. | Liquid-phase exfoliation |
| 10.3. | Market position of liquid-phase exfoliated graphene on a performance-price map |
| 12.1. | Product development timeline per application sector |
| 14.1. | Cut-off frequency as a function of channel length for different active channels and Degradation output characteristics of graphene transistors |
| 16.1. | Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots |
| 17.1. | Transmission as a function of wavelength for SWCNT, graphene and ITO |
| 17.2. | Examples of graphene-enabled touch screens |
| 17.3. | Best of class performance (sheet resistance vs transmission) of treated graphene oxide. |
| 17.4. | Best of class performance (sheet resistance vs transmission) for CVD graphene. |
| 17.5. | Graphene is mechanically flexible |
| 17.6. | Examples of flexible transparent conductors realised using non-graphene materials. These materials include PDOT:PSS, CNT, Silver nanoparticle, silver nanowire, etc |
| 17.7. | A cost and performance assessment for different transparent conductors |
| 18.1. | Schematic of a supercapacitor structure |
| 18.2. | Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots |
| 18.3. | Assessing the value proposition for graphene in different supercapacitor applications |
| 19.1. | Examples of RFID antennas in 125KHz, 33.56 MHZ, UHF and 2.45GHZ bands |
| 19.2. | Examples of HF antennas |
| 19.3. | The approximate cost breakdown of different components in a typical UHF RF ID tag |
| 19.4. | RF ID tags growth |
| 19.5. | Cost projection for antennas made using different materials (material costs only) |
| 19.6. | Example of roll-to-roll printed graphene RFID tags by Vorbeck |
| 19.7. | Market share for each material or ink option in the RFID tag business |
| 20.1. | Market forecast for graphene in different applications between 2012-2018 |
| 20.2. | Market value per application in 2012, 2015 and 2018 |
| 22.1. | IBM has patterned graphene transistors with a metal top-gate architecture (top) fabricate on 2-inch wafers (bottom) created by the thermal decomposition of silicon carbide. |
| 22.2. | The graphene microchip mostly based on relatively standard chip processing technology |
| 22.3. | Concept version of the photoelectrochemical cell |
| 22.4. | This filament containing about 30 million carbon nanotubes absorbs energy from the sun |
| 22.5. | A new method for using water to tune the band gap of the nanomaterial graphene |
| 22.6. | A mesh of carbon nanotubes supports one-atom-thick sheets of graphene that were produced with a new fluid-processing technique. |
| 22.7. | A three-terminal single-transistor amplifier made of graphene |
| 22.8. | CNT films from Rutgers University |
| 22.9. | Graphene OPV |
| 22.10. | The resulting film is photographed atop a color photo to show its transparency |
| 22.11. | Fabrication steps, leading to regular arrays of single-wall nanotubes (bottom) |
| 22.12. | The colourless disk with a lattice of more than 20,000 nanotube transistors in front of the USC sign |