Here's the story on potash according to Salman Partners Analyst Andrea Rubakovic: The major players are planning for long-term demand by developing brownfield projects, but they're running into hurdles. Meanwhile, juniors are having trouble financing greenfield projects. Does this mean we're in for a global supply pinch? If so, who could be positioned to profit? Read what Rubakovic has to say in her interview with The Energy Report.
The Energy Report: What's your outlook for the potash industry at this point?
Andrea Rubakovic: We are expecting a cautious global potash market for the remainder of the year. Chinese and Indian potash demand is slowing. Demand from developing nations in general is softening due to economic concerns in the U.S. and Europe. Nevertheless, we believe that the combination of existing producers' supply management and foreseen difficulties in bringing new supply onstream should keep global potash markets relatively balanced. So potash prices should be at steady levels in the short and medium terms. In the longer term though, we believe fundamental demand drivers for potash are intact and we are bullish on the industry's prospects. We expect to see demand rising in order to supply more and better-quality food to a growing global population from a relatively finite area of arable land.
TER: A number of potash projects are under development. Do you expect to see them reach production?
AR: Current potash producers have announced significant brownfield expansions and a number of junior players around the world are developing greenfield potash projects. However, some brownfield projects under construction today may have high costs and could take as long to reach full operational capability as a greenfield mine would.
On the greenfield front, we have seen negative development announcements from most major projects, which is a positive for the supply-demand balance. Just this morning, K+S Potash Canada (SDFG:FSE), which is in the early stages of developing its Legacy project in Saskatchewan, announced capital expenditures (capex) escalation and delayed timelines. In addition, EuroChem, a privately held company that is advancing two projects in Russia, has encountered a number of delays, while Vale S.A. (VALE:NYSE) recently announced suspension of work on its greenfield project in Argentina due to escalating costs. We have historically viewed BHP Billiton Ltd.'s (BHP:NYSE; BHPLF:OTCPK) Jansen project as the most serious risk to the potash supply-demand balance, and while the company continues to perform development work at its site in Saskatchewan, it has yet to receive formal board approval.
On the junior greenfield development front, a number of companies have significantly derisked their projects from a technical perspective. Some have completed feasibility studies and a few have secured the required environmental permits. The investment thesis a few years ago was that reaching these milestones could spark large investment by Indian, Chinese and Brazilians entities looking to secure fertilizer supplies. We have seen investments made in the sector since then; however, no overwhelming inflow of capital or straight takeovers by these parties has taken place. The main theme we are now seeing is that the junior potash companies are suffering the same fate as most junior miners: a challenging financing environment is hindering project progress.
We believe that only a small portion of greenfield developers will ultimately finance and construct their projects, and those that do are likely to experience significant delays in production start times and overruns in costs. The present challenging financing environment will filter these projects, and only the highest-quality projects or those with unique strategic appeal will develop further.
TER: Many projects these days need to have offtake agreements in place in order to have any chance of getting into production. Is this the new norm?
AR: Yes. Strategic partnerships and/or offtake agreements help mitigate the financing risk. They make project debt and equity financing easier to obtain. We view offtake agreements with an equity stake in a particularly positive light; those agreements represent a higher level of commitment.
TER: I see that you just initiated coverage on MBAC Fertilizer Corp. (MBC:TSX; MBCFFOTCQX) in January. What's the story there?
AR: Brazil is one of the world's fastest-growing potash and phosphate consumers and a leading importer. It is one of the few countries in the world with an underutilized land base and a favorable climate to facilitate continued expansion of cultivated land. The country currently imports 50% of its annual phosphate needs and is estimated to have the largest demand growth profile of any major phosphate consumer.
Furthermore, MBAC has a very knowledgeable management team with over 150 years of combined experience in development and financing of fertilizer projects in Brazil. The company's CEO, Antenor Silva Jr., helped develop an innovative phosphate metallurgical process that led to highly profitable development and growth for phosphate fertilizer production in Brazil.
MBAC intends to become a significant integrated producer of fertilizers in the Brazilian and Latin American markets. The company is developing a number of fertilizer projects in Brazil, and we believe it is positioned to greatly benefit from the country's large demand growth profile, stable political environment and a well-developed infrastructure.
The company's flagship Itafos phosphate project, located in central and northern Cerrado—the center of Brazil's largest agricultural region and new agricultural frontier—is expected to reach initial production later this year. The company addressed certain development issues at Itafos earlier this year, and we believe MBAC is on track to realize its potential upside if it successfully executes this project. On top of that, we believe that MBAC is a potential takeover target by a Brazilian entity that appears to have intentions to consolidate the Brazilian fertilizer sector and is already a large shareholder of the company.
TER: You also cover Encanto Potash Corp. (EPO:TSX.V). How does that situation look at this point?
AR: Encanto is another interesting company that is developing a potash play in Saskatchewan through a joint venture with the Muskowekwan First Nations group. The Muskowekwan project is relatively earlier stage compared to other Saskatchewan companies in our coverage universe, but we believe it stands to benefit from working directly and exclusively with the First Nation group through a significantly faster permitting and development process compared to negotiating with multiple land-owners.
In February, Encanto announced it is in talks with India's Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd., a state-owned fertilizer and chemical marketer that represents a consortium of Indian fertilizer companies. They have not yet struck an agreement for future potash sales, but it's certainly encouraging that Encanto is holding these discussions. Just keep in mind that an announcement of discussions certainly does not ensure signing and completion of an offtake agreement.
Our long-term view is that completion of a positive feasibility study and receipt of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) approval are necessary hurdles to pass before an offtake agreement and financing are secured; we would remind investors that these were the necessary obstacles to overcome for Potash One before being taken out by K+S. We believe the entry of a strategic partner, acquirer or offtake partner is more likely when a company completes its bankable feasibility study and receives the necessary EIA approval.