Journal article in Therapeutic Advances in Urology, 2015Conclusion
BCG failure for patients with high-risk NMIBC is a common and serious problem. Although standard subsequent treatment is radical cystectomy, alternative intravesical treatments can be explored in appropriately selected patients. Trials must be designed carefully due to significant risk of disease progression in these patients. Based on existing evidence, MCNA appears to have a role as an effective treatment for patients with BCG failure. Comparisons of the safety and efficacy of MCNA to other second-line intravesical therapeutic agents are generally favorable. Further studies are needed to fully assess MCNA’s role in the continuously evolving landscape of intravesical treatment for NMIBC.