Recent study
Extracorporeal CO2 Removal: An alternative to intubation in AECOPD when NIV fails?
https://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/home/topics/copd/extracorporeal-carbon-dioxide-removal-an-alternative-to-intubation-in-aecopd/
It suggests to me that BiPAP vents might, in many situations, be the answer that many COPD patients need to remove the CO2 buildup.