EAA praise & the import of precision medicine and biomarkersEndotoxin Activity Assay. An excellent technique to measure LPS in a short time (15–20 min) is the endotoxin activity assay (EAA): a rapid test for the detection of endotoxemia in whole blood. EAA is a quick and easy diagnostic test based on a monoclonal antibody that identifies endotoxin. With this method, LPS activity is measured based on the corresponding oxidative burst of primed neutrophils (complexes of an anti-endotoxin antibody and endotoxin) and is detected via the chemiluminescence method [68]. With this approach, reliable quantification of the amount of endotoxin in a patient’s whole blood can be easily obtained. 6. Conclusions
Despite the availability of updated guidelines with the aim of improving outcomes, overall sepsis mortality has increased in the past decade. Understanding underlying mechanisms would help to identify drivers and to prevent reactions to infection. Even if each technology and each approach for endotoxin detection for sepsis diagnosis has its own advantages and limitations, the method used for the identification and quantification of LPS could be selected according to the context and situation. Emerging data and ongoing research on new innovative methods are expected to offer new diagnostic options for LPS evaluation. With the help of these promising technologies, several efforts should be addressed for a more detailed model of sepsis pathways: biomarkers’ identification and their quantification represent the most helpful in a clinical context. Biomarkers allow the development of targeted strategies, as shown by the haemoadsorption of inflammatory molecules, with the aim of early recovery, early recognition of sepsis complications, and improvement in predicting outcomes. In conclusion, considering the wide spectrum of etiology, clinical manifestation, and individual response to infection and therapy, an integrated approach of new technologies and therapies seems to be the most effective strategy to improve outcomes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9818564/