CUPEL CUP - 2018 vs 2023 - QUILLAfter first fire assay of ( pulps ) 2nd fire assay is performed.
Apparently ( nitric acid ) is added ( some just report oxidizer + acid. )
Special ( formula ) lead is added inwhich ( apparently ) assists with lead oxidation.
The oxidized lead ( PbO ) is absorbed into the cuplet - ceramic or other cup.
If lead is oxidized and absorbed into the cuplet.....( ceramic cup )
Could the platinum groups also convert to oxide and absorbed into cupplet ?
= Platinum Group rich cuplets. ( wink )
= who buys / recycles these cuplets ?
Nitric acid is used to oxidize special lead so it can be absorbed into cuplet.
In the Ostwald process, ammonia is converted to nitric acid in a two step process.
It is oxidised with oxygen in the presence of platinum catalyst.
The overall reaction is as follows: 4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O
Remember ?
Platinum is used to reduce carbon monoxide to CO2.
Platinum is the catalyst to assist with oxygen to convert ammonia to nitric acid.
Furnace temp is assited with oxygen
Added oxygen ( could ) add additional O2 to convert plats to oxides ( wink )
Suppose Plats were oxide converted - Where woild they might end up ?
Plat' oxide + Lead oxide = baked into ceramic cuplet...?
There's a business....lol
Recycling plat enriched cupplets.
When i began my research
Nitric acid was the best go to acid to dissolve platinum group.
Since ?
Seems ( AI ) wants to change that thought process ( lol )
Suddenly... All kinds of info online stating nitric acid will not dissolve plats.
Few remnants remain online.
I have to dig into actual research studies where it states nitric will.
This study is ( impressive )
Iran is among the top 10 countries in the world in consuming gold articles
• About 5000 factories and gold articles production units operate in Iran.
• Most of manufacturers use scrap gold to produce gold articles. PGM elements are
mixed with gold alloys for various reasons including economic profits while many
laboratories are not still equipped with XRF method tools for assaying gold karat.
• Therefore, the present study aimed at providing a simple, commercially available, and
inexpensive method for detecting the presence of Ir in gold alloys during the
cupellation process for the laboratories without XRF equipment to avoid errors in
gold assays.
- irridium was found present in, gold.
Page 9
The inhomogeneous parts are formed because of the low solubility
of solid Ir in gold and Ag which appear black and white floating particles
on the surface of bead. It seems that the presence of
Ir with a higher melting point (> 2000 °C)
than those of Au (1063 °C)
Page 11
Palladium, Platinum and all Silver are dissolved in nitric acid in the
parting stage.
Link -
https://cdn.lbma.org.uk/downloads/Session-9-Rejali_Effects-of-Platinum-Group-Metals.pdf
Nitric acid + oxygen added to furnace heat + plats cause oxygen formation
= what are the odds plats minerals would also oxidize and absorb in, cuplet ?
= crystalizing minerals = caused by gases ( oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen )
= irridium crystals in iran study were not homogenous = not alloying with gold
= my hunch is... irridium did oxidize - acted similar to crusty - SLAG -
= if irridium did this... would other plats ?
= some absorbed in cup - some removed as crust slag - some attach to prill
Lead Melts ( 327.5 C )
Platinum ( 1740 C )
Gold ( 1064 C )
Insuffcient heat is a biggie.
Nitrogen = great acid to dissolve
But... if plat's create O2 with Nitric and air added to furnace
= odds of amplifying oxidation
= lead and plats are strongly associated - strong bonds
= could both lead + plats turn to metal oxides = lost in cuplet cup ?
= test the cuplets
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2018 resource size vs 2023
- 2,000m campaign in 2022 was meant to bump the - 108 mil t - inferred
- how is it 2023 still have an inferred of 114 mil t ?
- over 800,000 oz ( pd, pl ) not carried over to 2023
CHART COMP'S
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53237199271_22227f0780_c.jpg
WHAT WERE QUILL RESULTS ?
Quill is immediate east of Wellgreen deposit
Mr Lee ( prophecy ) mentioned high grade showing
NCP -
2019 Geophysics at Quill
2020 drilling Quill
Company is planning a 1,000 metre drill program to test Target A. Target B consists of a single plate model and is located at the northern ultramafic sill-country rock contact in the structural footwall of the sill. It is interpreted to be sub-horizontal, lies 30 metres below the surface, is 50 by 50 metres in size and is deemed a secondary drilling target. The Company plans a 200 metre drill program to test Target B.
https://ceo.ca/@newswire/nickel-creek-platinum-announces-proposed-2020-exploration
I always thought Burwash was at the West end near, Arch.
Could've sworn i've seen historical maps of Burwash west side.
Maybe the map was flipped reversed...
From what i've gathered, reading up on historicals...
East deposit is aside of Wellgreen.
Then, Far East deposit.
Burwash is representing ( East + Far East )
Hmmmmm
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53236364397_2337a51c9f_c.jpg
Cheap Con's or....
Better MET tests and extract 6 Plats
How much plat's are lost to;
Telluride, Nickel, Bismuth, Lead bonds ?
Go undetected by spectrometry ?
Lost to cupplets ?
The associated PGM and PGE-bearing phases are sperrylite, stibiopalladinite or mertieite II (or both), geversite. Pt-Pd-Fc-(Cu) alloys (Cu-Ni-rich tetraferroplatinum, and native platinum or isoferroplatinum), froodite (?), hollingworthite, laurite, native iridium, Rh-bearing cobaltite-gersdorffite, Pd-bearing ullmannite. and an unusual Re-Ir-Os-Ru alloy. The following are important characteristics of the PGM in the Wellgreen deposit: the,,cry small gain-size of most of the PGM, unusually broad ranges of compositions of the Pd-(Pt)-Ni-rich antimono- and bismuthotellurides, a significant extent of Ni incorporation in the Pd-(Pt) antimono- and bismuthotellurides, and the presence of an uncommon and complex solid-solution involving sudburyite, kotulskite, sobolevskite
Table 7-3: Primary PGM-Bearing Minerals
Mineral Formula
Sperrylite PtAs2
Sudburyite PdSb
Testibiopalladite PdSbTe
Merenskyite PdTe2
Moncheite PtTe2
Michernerite PdBiTe
Stibiojaiadinite Pd5Sb2
Mertielte II Pd8Sb3
Geversite PtSb2
Hollingworthite RhAs -- S
Froodite PdBi2
Unidentified (Pd,Ni)2(Te,Sb)3
Unidentified (Pd,Ni)3(Te,Sb)4
Unidentified Pd(Bi,Te)
Unidentified Pd3Ni(Sb,Te,Bi)5
Laurite RuS2
Kotuiskite PdTe2
Pt-Fe alloy(s) Pt3Fe or PtFe(?)
Unidentified Re>Ir>Os>Ru alloy
Unidentified Pd-Hg
Iridium Ir
Unidentified Re sulphide (?)
Source: Cabri et al., 1993
Table 7-4: Additional PGM-Bearing Minerals
Mineral Formula Metal Content
Melonite (Ni,Pd,Pt)Te2 Up to 15.1%Pd; up to 9.37% Pt
Unidentified (Ni,Pd)2(Te,Sb)3 Up to 22.8% Pd
Unidentified (Ni,Pd)3(Te,Sb)4 Up to 15.9% Pd
Breuithauptite (Ni,Pd)Sb Up to 18.9% Pd
Hextestibio-panickelite (Ni,Pd)2SbTe Up to 15.9% Pd
Ullmannite (Ni,Pd)SbS Up to 0.09% Pd
Cobaltite (Co,Rh)As--S Up to 2.7% Rh, in zones
Pentlandite (Pt,Rh,Ru)* Up to 34 Pd, 12 Rh, 13 Ru (ppm)
Chalcopyrite (Ru,Rh,Pd)* Up to 10 Ru, 10 Rh, 9 Pd (ppm)
Pyrrhotite (Pd)* Up to 5.6 Pd (ppm)
Source: Cabri et al., 1993
Wellgreen has numerous platinum minerals...
I wouldn't go on with this subject if there were only, 2 or 3 varieties.
But given the extent... it's a good topic to address.
Very unique deposit near... one of a kind.
Being modelled as a cheap concentrate whereas
whom ever buys the cheap cons will make the real $$$$$.
Throw in, 800 chip samples with in mine
Every sample contained plats and 176 chips of 800 contained
1/g Rhodium ( $4300 oz )
From former press release - lol
Selected massive sulphide samples are still being analyzed for the full PGE+gold suite by nickel sulphide collection fire assay with ICP-MS finish (ALS method PGM-MS25NS)