Today's Shout Out #2Recent advances for enhanced photodynamic therapy: from new mechanisms to innovative strategies First published 12 Jul 2024
Xia Wang, Jinlei Peng, Chi Menga & Fude Feng
Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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This review has systematically discussed most recent strategies for PDT based on new mechanisms, including (1) developing novel radicals to reduce the dependence on O2; (2) designing activatable PSs on tumour cells to minimize damage to normal cells; (3) photocatalytic NADH oxidation to perturb the electron flow in intracellular mito-ETC.
At present, fortunately, some strategies based on new mechanisms have drawn interest in clinical trials. TLD-1433 is the first Ru-based PS and has completed a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of bladder cancer. The phase II clinical study of TLD-1433 commenced in 2019 in the USA and Canada with a plan to treat 100–125 patients who developed nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and are intolerant or unresponsive to bacillus Calmette Gurin (BCG) therapy. Phototherapy and immunotherapy in combination, namely photoimmunotherapy (PIT), is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to both primary and metastatic tumours. PIT utilizes the PDT effect to induce systemic immune responses against tumours, maximizing the merits of both therapy modalities, leading to long-term immunity against cancer and increasing the selectivity of cancer therapy