VANCOUVER, BC --(Marketwired - April 20, 2017) - Skeena Resources
Limited (TSX VENTURE: SKE) ("Skeena" or the "Company")
is pleased to announce the results of a Canadian National Instrument 43-101 Preliminary Economic Assessment
("PEA") and Mineral Resource update for the Company's Spectrum-GJ copper-gold project
("Spectrum-GJ") located in the Golden Triangle of northwest British Columbia.
The PEA and Mineral Resource update focus on two deposits that are approximately 14 km apart: the porphyry copper-gold
Donnelly Deposit at GJ ("Donnelly") and the porphyry gold-copper Spectrum Central Zone
("Spectrum"). Conventional truck and shovel open pit mining is planned with a staged approach to production
output, starting at 10,000 tonnes per day ("tpd") at Donnelly, ramping up to 20,000 tpd in year 6 when Spectrum
comes on-line, and reaching 30,000 tpd in year 12. The staged approach was adopted to limit operational, technical and capital
risks that are typical of new mine start-ups. Using base case parameters, copper would generate approximately two-thirds of
project revenue during the initial five years of production and approximately 58% over the life of the mine.
The overall planned mine life is 25 years with upside potential to increase this beyond 30 years. A centrally located
flotation processing plant and a single life-of-mine tailings storage facility are planned, with a conventional Carbon-in-Leach
("CIL") plant added at year 6 for improved gold recovery.
The project has initial capital expenditures of C$216 million and benefits from the presence of existing infrastructure on or
adjacent to the project area, including grid hydro-power, paved Highway No. 37 and an industrial road that extends to within 10
km of the planned processing plant site. The proximity of the deep-water Port of Stewart, B.C., is a further significant project
benefit.
Economic Analysis
Parameter |
|
Base Case |
|
Upside Case 1 |
|
Upside Case 2 |
Copper price (US$/lb) |
|
2.75 |
|
3.00 |
|
3.25 |
Gold (US$/oz) |
|
1,250 |
|
1,300 |
|
1,350 |
Silver (US$/oz) |
|
17.75 |
|
20.00 |
|
22.50 |
Economic Results (Pre-Tax) |
NPV 8% (millions) |
|
C$ 546.18 |
|
C$ 699.62 |
|
C$ 853.86 |
IRR |
|
26.6% |
|
31.0% |
|
35.3% |
Payback (years) |
|
3.81 |
|
3.19 |
|
2.71 |
Economic Results (After-Tax) |
NPV 8% (millions) |
|
C$ 314.09 |
|
C$ 412.99 |
|
C$ 512.35 |
IRR |
|
20.6% |
|
23.9% |
|
27.1% |
Payback (years) |
|
4.21 |
|
3.68 |
|
3.26 |
US$0.75 = C$1.00 |
|
Walter Coles Jr., President and CEO of Skeena commented: "There are few copper dominant projects in politically stable
jurisdictions that have an initial capex of less than US$200 million, combined with a 25-year mine life and an after-tax, base
case IRR of better than 20%. The after-tax net present value (using an 8% discount rate) for the Spectrum-GJ project vastly
exceeds Skeena's current market capitalization. Given that Skeena has three other projects, including the Snip mine, it is
evident that the Company's portfolio of assets is significantly undervalued."
Skeena's Chairman, Ron Netolitzky, added: "It is important to note that the PEA production statistics and financial outcomes
can still be optimized. Both conceptual pits appear to have the potential for significant expansion, as evidenced by the
additional resources available to the south of the planned Spectrum pit and the considerable tonnage available to the immediate
north of the Donnelly pit. However, prior to seeing the project to the Pre-Feasibility stage, we needed to be assured that the
currently defined in-pit resources, the blended metallurgical characteristics of the run-of-mine material and the proposed
production rates from the two deposits would provide an encouraging, stand-alone project with attractive economics -- and we have
done so, decisively."
Project Overview
Planned Life-of-Mine : 25 years |
|
|
ROM Material |
|
191.75 Mt |
Production |
|
Marginal Grade Material |
|
21.99 Mt |
|
|
Total Plant Throughput |
|
213.74 Mt |
Proportion in Indicated Mineral
Resource Category |
|
Spectrum Pit
Donnelly Pit |
|
79%
96% |
Average Overall
Pit Slope Angles |
|
Spectrum Pit
Donnelly Pit |
|
45° |
Average Strip Ratios |
|
Spectrum Pit
Donnelly Pit |
|
0.52
0.86 |
Average Cut-Off Grades
(ROM production) |
|
Spectrum Pit
Donnelly Pit |
|
0.435 g/t AuEq
0.204% CuEq |
Average Grades
(Spectrum Pit ROM material) |
|
Gold
Silver
Copper |
|
0.96 g/t Au
3.24 g/t Ag
0.13% Cu |
Average Grades
(Donnelly Pit ROM material) |
|
Gold
Silver
Copper |
|
0.32 g/t Au
1.97 g/t Ag
0.28% Cu |
Overall Average Grades
(ROM material) |
|
Gold
Silver
Copper |
|
0.35 g/t Au
2.04 g/t Ag
0.27% Cu |
Life of Project, Average
Metallurgical Recoveries |
|
Gold
Silver
Copper |
|
72.3%
57.1%
89.2% |
Payable Metal |
|
Gold
Silver
Copper |
|
1.61 Moz
7.54 Moz
998.99 Mlb |
The project benefits from several important economic features and possesses compelling upside potential, namely:
- low average strip ratios of 0.52 at the Spectrum pit and 0.86 at the Donnelly pit, with an average of less than 0.5 at
Donnelly during years 1 through 5;
- a planned project life of 25 years, which could be extended by means of production optimization, geotechnical analyses and
mining trade-off studies;
- good metallurgical recoveries to a clean, bulk Cu-Au-(Ag) concentrate that has no significant concentrations of deleterious
elements;
- substantial defined resources available for project expansion, particularly adjacent to the north side of the Donnelly pit
and to the south of the planned Spectrum pit (less than 20% of Spectrum drill-inferred tonnage is planned for extraction,
pending further diamond drilling and mining trade-off studies); and
- good exploration potential within the property boundaries, as evidenced by numerous, high-grade polymetallic vein, breccia
and stockwork occurrences.
Capital Cost Estimates
Cost Centre (C$ millions) |
|
Pre-Production |
|
Sustaining |
|
Total |
General Infrastructure & Buildings |
|
69.56 |
|
34.80 |
|
104.36 |
Tailings Storage Facility |
|
6.72 |
|
52.52 |
|
59.25 |
Donnelly Pit |
|
35.13 |
|
107.76 |
|
142.89 |
Spectrum Pit |
|
- |
|
26.82 |
|
26.82 |
Processing Plant |
|
66.50 |
|
103.31 |
|
169.81 |
Capital Indirects |
|
38.13 |
|
36.94 |
|
75.07 |
Totals |
|
216.05 |
|
362.15 |
|
578.20 |
Note: Capital cost estimates are inclusive of contingencies. |
|
Operating Cost Estimates
Cost Centre |
|
Average Unit Costs (C$ / t mined or milled) |
|
Stage 1 (10,000 tpd) |
|
Stage 2 (20,000 tpd) |
|
Stage 3 (30,000 tpd) |
|
Post-Production (30,000 tpd) |
Spectrum + Donnelly Pits |
|
- |
|
8.85 |
|
- |
|
- |
Donnelly Pit |
|
8.28 |
|
- |
|
6.51 |
|
1.42 |
Processing Plant |
|
5.57 |
|
6.07 |
|
5.51 |
|
5.51 |
G&A |
|
4.26 |
|
2.69 |
|
1.79 |
|
1.09 |
Totals |
|
18.11 |
|
17.61 |
|
13.81 |
|
8.02 |
Head Office Overhead |
|
0.83 |
|
0.30 |
|
0.26 |
|
0.26 |
Notes: The Post-Production stage is when 21.99 Mt of marginal grade material
from the Donnelly pit is processed at a rate of 30,000 tpd. Reclamation and closure costs (reporting to G&A) include a
25% contingency. |
|
Metallurgical Studies
The PEA process design and metallurgical forecast are based on a metallurgical testwork program conducted in late 2016 and Q1,
2017, by Blue Coast Metallurgy Ltd. of Parksville, B.C., supported by test work and mineralogical studies at AuTec Innovative
Extractive Solutions of Vancouver, B.C.
Bond Ball Mill Work Index tests indicate an average Work Index for the Spectrum composites of 18.4 kWh/t and 19.8 kWh/t for
the Donnelly composites. The results reflect moderately hard material that is quite close to the median hardness levels for the
B.C. copper-gold industry.
A series of conventional gravity, flotation and cyanidation tests were completed. The results show that the optimum grind size
is P80 120 microns and that a commercially viable bulk copper-gold-silver concentrate could be produced, along with
gold-silver rich doré. Consideration of project economics resulted in the deferment of the CIL plant and doré recovery circuit to
year 6.
Owing to its far greater tonnage contribution to the plant feed mix, metallurgy is mainly dictated by material from Donnelly.
Consequently, to align with the PEA mine production schedule, metallurgical performance was projected for plant feed comprising
100% Donnelly material during Stages 1 and 3, and for co-mingled plant feed containing 75% Donnelly material and 25% Spectrum
material during Stage 2. The following table summarizes the metallurgical forecast by production stage. The overall average,
life-of-project metallurgical recovery rates are 72.3% Au, 57.1% Ag and 89.2% Cu.
Metallurgical Forecast
Production |
|
Flotation Recovery |
|
Gravity Conc. |
|
Doré Recovery |
Stage |
|
Rate (tpd) |
|
Donnelly Feed |
|
Conc. Grade |
|
Au (%) |
|
Ag (%) |
|
Cu (%) |
|
Au (%) |
|
Ag (%) |
|
Cu (%) |
|
Au (%) |
|
Ag (%) |
|
Cu (%) |
1 |
|
10,000 |
|
100% |
|
22% Cu |
|
55 |
|
49 |
|
90 |
|
10 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
2 |
|
20,000 |
|
75% av. |
|
22% Cu |
|
49 |
|
54 |
|
86 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
24 |
|
7 |
|
0 |
3 |
|
30,000 |
|
100% |
|
22% Cu |
|
55 |
|
49 |
|
90 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
18 |
|
8 |
|
0 |
Mineral Processing
The as-designed process flow is essentially the same as many copper-gold circuits currently operating in B.C. The following
figure summarizes the Stage 3 process flow. The main product will be a bulk copper concentrate, highly enriched with gold and
silver, that PEA planning assumes will be shipped to smelters located in the Far East. Doré will be produced from year 6, prior
to which a gravity gold concentrate will be produced and sold. Tailings will be disposed of in an adjacent, life-of-mine tailings
storage facility with an estimated maximum capacity of 375 Mt ± 35 Mt.
Two small departures from common convention are included in the process flow. The first is driven by the need to design a
processing facility capable of milling at three different throughput rates, defined as Stages 1 through 3. This has led to the
use of the larger ball mill to act as a primary mill during Stage 1 (10,000 tpd), receiving feed from two stages of crushing.
While currently unusual, such a circuit was widely used in the mining industry throughout most of the last century.
The second departure is the use of CIL processing of pyrite-rich products arising from the flotation circuit, which are
amenable to leaching. The CIL process involves: tailings from the copper rougher float being subjected to bulk sulphide
flotation; and the bulk sulphide concentrate being combined with the copper cleaner tails, thickened and leached by CIL to
recover gold and silver. The carbon is treated at site to extract the gold (and minor silver), which is smelted and sold as
doré.
Updated Mineral Resource Estimates
The Donnelly and Spectrum deposits are alkalic porphyry copper-gold deposits associated with Late Triassic to Early Jurassic
diorite and monzonite intrusives, with characteristics similar to those of producing B.C. mines, including Red Chris and New
Afton. The Spectrum deposit includes an overprint of porphyry-related, higher-grade, gold-vein style mineralization.
The updated Mineral Resource estimates were prepared in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and
Petroleum standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (2014). The estimate for Spectrum is based on 164 diamond drill
holes (of which 88 were completed by Skeena) totalling 34,598 metres and 22,581 assay intervals. The estimate for Donnelly is
based on 176 diamond drill holes (of which eight were completed by Skeena) totalling 48,325 metres and 16,410 assay
intervals.
The majority of the historical drill core for both deposits is still available at site. A significant portion of the Spectrum
material was re-logged and re-sampled by Skeena staff, as part of Company's on-going Quality Assurance/Quality Control ("QA/QC")
program of check assaying. All the available, historical Donnelly core was previously re-logged (and partially re-sampled) by
Teck.
The Mineral Resource estimates will be detailed in a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Spectrum-GJ Preliminary Economic
Assessment, with an effective date of March 30, 2017, to be filed on SEDAR within 45 days of this news release.
Category |
|
Million Tonnes |
|
Average Grades |
|
Metal Content |
|
Au (g/t) |
|
Ag (g/t) |
|
Cu (%) |
|
Au (Moz) |
|
Ag (Moz) |
|
Cu (Mlb) |
Spectrum Central Zone (0.40 g/t AuEq cut-off) |
Indicated |
|
31.2 |
|
0.94 |
|
2.6 |
|
0.10 |
|
0.94 |
|
2.64 |
|
67.7 |
Inferred |
|
29.8 |
|
0.47 |
|
1.4 |
|
0.12 |
|
0.45 |
|
1.34 |
|
76.4 |
GJ Donnelly Deposit (0.15% CuEq cut-off) |
Indicated |
|
215.2 |
|
0.31 |
|
1.9 |
|
0.26 |
|
2.14 |
|
13.03 |
|
1,235.4 |
Inferred |
|
28.3 |
|
0.31 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.14 |
|
0.28 |
|
1.64 |
|
85.1 |
Grade Equivalence
AuEq = Au grade + [(Ag grade * (Ag revenue / Au revenue)] + [Cu grade * (Cu revenue / Au revenue)]
CuEq = (Cu grade + [(Au grade * (Au revenue / Cu revenue)] + [Ag grade * (Ag revenue / Cu revenue)]
where:
Au revenue = (1 / 31.1046) * Au plant recovery * Au smelter recovery * Au refinery recovery * unit Au price
Ag revenue = (1 / 31.1046) * Ag plant recovery * Ag smelter recovery * Ag refinery recovery * unit Ag price
Cu revenue = 2,204.62 * 0.01 * Cu plant recovery * Cu smelter recovery * Cu refinery recovery * unit Cu price
- Raw drill hole assays were composited to 4 m lengths broken at domain boundaries. Capping of high grades was considered
necessary and was completed for each domain on assays prior to compositing.
- Block grades for gold and silver were estimated from the composites using an ordinary kriging interpolation method into 4 m
x 4 m x 4 m blocks for Spectrum, and into 10 m x 10 m x 10 m blocks Donnelly.
- Dry bulk densities are based on 858 specific gravity measurements for Spectrum and 1,777 for Donnelly.
- The Mineral Resource estimate is constrained within optimized pits with average slope angles of 45°. Metal prices of
US$1,250/oz Au, US$2.75/lb Cu and US$17.75/oz Ag were used along with metallurgical recovery rates of 73% for gold, 90% for
copper and 50% for silver and the estimated on-site operating costs.
- Minimum grade cut-offs for the Mineral Resource estimates were determined using the same metal prices, metallurgical
recovery rates and operating costs as outlined above, as well as smelter terms and applicable royalties.
This release makes mention of Inferred Mineral Resources. The quantity and grade of reported Inferred Mineral Resources in
this estimation are conceptual in nature and there has been insufficient exploration to define these Inferred Mineral Resources
as Indicated or Measured Mineral Resources. It is uncertain if further exploration will result in upgrading the Inferred Mineral
Resources to either the Indicated or Measured categories of Mineral Resource. Readers are cautioned that Mineral Resources which
are not Mineral Reserves have not demonstrated economic viability. The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected
by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing or other relevant issues.
First Nations Involvement
Spectrum-GJ lies within the asserted traditional territory of the Tahltan Nation. The Company has committed to work closely
with the Tahltan Central Government, with its agencies and with Tahltan Nation-owned businesses to identify and maximize
employment and contracting opportunities arising from its mineral exploration and project development activities. To this end,
the Company and the Tahltan Central Government (the "Parties") have signed a Communications Agreement that
provides a framework for the sharing of information and for joint participation of the Parties in communications with Tahltan
membership and communities regarding Skeena's activities in Tahltan Territory (see the Company news release dated January 24, 2017).
Environmental Design Principles
At this preliminary design stage, significant effort has been expended to integrate environmental design principles into the
project layout and operating concept. This approach aims to limit adverse impacts to biophysical, economic, pre-existing land use
and heritage & cultural environments within the project area. The principles applied within the scope of the PEA include:
- to the extent that is possible and practicable, locating infrastructure in one drainage basin (the only exceptions include
portions of the site access road and powerline, a security gate at the Highway No. 37 turn-off and a take-off sub-station from
the Northwest Transmission Powerline);
- viewscape values - to the extent that is practicable and sustainable, infrastructure planning minimizes the visibility of
major infrastructure;
- footprint values - to the extent that is possible, safe and practicable, planning utilized existing infrastructure within
the project area to minimize the project's footprint;
- wildlife conservation - planning off-pit muck handling systems that are consistent with limiting potentially adverse
wildlife interactions, especially on Klastline Plateau on which Donnelly is located;
- project consolidation - identifying and utilizing a single, consolidated, life-of-of mine tailings storage facility, the
maximum capacity of which could accommodate additional tailings generated from expanded Spectrum and Donnelly open pits;
- archaeology & heritage - infrastructure planning includes considerations of identified archaeological and heritage
resources, future project planning includes continued evaluations and modifications to infrastructure that might reasonably be
required; and
- design for closure - to the extent that is practicable, the project has been designed for closure and to minimize the risk
of post-closure active management to ensure environmental protection.
PEA Review
Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. ("RPA") was engaged by the Company to review the parameters used in the PEA
economic analysis, and to make recommendations based on their review. RPA's review is in progress, and will focus on the Mineral
Resource block model, mining method, mineral processing and metallurgical testing, process flowsheet, capital and operating costs
and economic analysis.
The reader is referred to the Company's website at www.skeenaresources.com for prior news releases documenting the acquisition details of both the Spectrum and
GJ projects and for prior Mineral Resource estimations on both deposits, as well as on SEDAR for the Company's continuous
disclosure.
The PEA is preliminary in nature, it includes Inferred Mineral Resources that are considered too speculative geologically to
have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as Mineral Reserves, and there is no
certainty that the PEA will be realized.
Qualified Persons
The following are Qualified Persons, as defined in National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral
Projects, for the PEA and Technical Report relating to the Spectrum-GJ Cu-Au project: Mr. Stephen J. Godden, C.Eng. -
Independent Mining Consultant of North Vancouver, B.C., Project Manager for the PEA and Principal Author of the Technical Report.
Mr. David T. Mehner, P.Geo. - Independent Geological Consultant of Coldstream, B.C., Geological Setting and Mineralization,
Deposit Types, Exploration and Sample Preparation, Analysis and Security. Mr. Scott A. Britton, C.Eng. - Principal Consultant and
Director of SAB Mining Consultants Ltd, of Hamilton, United Kingdom, co-responsible, with the Principal Author, for the Mining
Methods, Project Infrastructure and Economic Analysis with particular focus on mine planning, production scheduling and equipment
specification. Mr. David G. Thomas, P.Geo. - Geological Consultant and President of DKT Geosolutions, Inc. of Vancouver, B.C.,
Data Verification and Mineral Resource Estimates. Mr. Christopher J. Martin, C.Eng. - Principal Metallurgist and President of
Blue Coast Metallurgy Ltd. of Parksville, B.C., Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing, Recovery methods (process flow) and
related capital and operating cost estimations. Mr. M. John Brodie, P.Eng. - Principal Consultant and Director of Brodie
Consulting Ltd. of West Vancouver, B.C., Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact, with particular focus
on the waste and tailings disposal, and water management elements.
The scientific and technical information in this news release has been reviewed and approved by Mr. Michael S. Cathro, P.Geo.,
Skeena's Vice President, Operations and Mr. Rupert Allan, P.Geol., Skeena's Vice President, Exploration, who are both qualified
persons as defined by Canada's National Instrument 43-101.
About Skeena
Skeena Resources Limited is a junior Canadian mining exploration company focused on developing prospective base and precious
metal properties in the Golden Triangle region of northwest British Columbia, Canada. The Company's primary activities are the
evaluation and development of the Spectrum-GJ copper-gold project as well as exploration on the past-producing Snip gold mine,
acquired from Barrick Gold, and the past-producing Porter Idaho silver mine. Skeena's management includes a highly experienced
team of mine-finders, including Ron Netolitzky, Chairman of the Board.
On behalf of the Board of Directors of Skeena Resources Limited,
Walt Coles Jr.
President & CEO
Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements
Certain statements made and information contained herein may constitute "forward looking information" and
"forward looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities legislation, including, among
other things, information with respect to this presentation. These statements and information are based on facts currently
available to the Company and there is no assurance that actual results will meet management's expectations. Forward-looking
statements and information may be identified by such terms as "anticipates", "believes", "targets", "estimates", "plans",
"expects", "may", "will", "could" or "would". Forward-looking statements and information contained herein are based on certain
factors and assumptions regarding, among other things, the estimation of mineral resources and reserves, the realization of
resource and reserve estimates, metal prices, taxation, the estimation, timing and amount of future exploration and development,
capital and operating costs, the availability of financing, the receipt of regulatory approvals, environmental risks, title
disputes and other matters. While the Company considers its assumptions to be reasonable as of the date hereof, forward-looking
statements and information are not guarantees of future performance and readers should not place undue importance on such
statements as actual events and results may differ materially from those described herein. The Company does not undertake to
update any forward-looking statements or information except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada accepts
responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
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