Manulife reports 2022 net income of $7.3 billion, core earnings of $6.2 billion, remittances of $6.9 billion and a dividend increase of 11%

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TORONTO, Feb. 15, 2023 /PRNewswire/ - Today, Manulife announced its 2022 and fourth quarter of 2022 ("4Q22") results. Key highlights include:

• Net income attributed to shareholders of $7.3 billion in 2022, up $0.2 billion from 2021 and $1.9 billion in 4Q22, down $0.2 billion from the fourth quarter of 2021 ("4Q21")
• Core earnings1 of $6.2 billion in 2022, down 7% on a constant exchange rate basis from 2021, and $1.7 billion in 4Q22, down 2% on a constant exchange rate basis from 4Q212
• Core ROE3 of 11.9% in 2022 and 13.2% in 4Q22 and ROE of 14.1% in 2022 and 14.4% in 4Q22
• NBV4 of $2.1 billion in 2022, down 9%4 from 2021, and $525 million in 4Q22, down 9% from 4Q21
• APE sales4 of $5.7 billion in 2022, down 7% from 2021, and $1.3 billion in 4Q22, down 12% from 4Q21
• Global Wealth and Asset Management ("Global WAM") net inflows4 of $3.3 billion in 2022 compared with net inflows of $27.9 billion in 2021, and net outflows of $8.3 billion in 4Q22, compared with net inflows of $8.1 billion in 4Q21
• LICAT ratio5 of 131%
• Remittances4 of $6.9 billion in 2022 compared with $4.4 billion in 2021, an increase of $2.5 billion
• Purchased for cancellation 4.1% of common shares outstanding, or approximately 79 million common shares, for $1.9 billion in 2022
• Completed two transactions to reinsure over 80%6 of Manulife's legacy U.S. variable annuity block, releasing $2.5 billion of capital and significantly reducing risk
• Acquired full control of Manulife TEDA Fund Management Co., Ltd ("MTEDA") by purchasing the remaining 51% of shares from our joint venture partner in mainland China
• Also announced earlier today:
• An 11% increase in common share dividend, and
• Our intention to launch a Normal Course Issuer Bid ("NCIB") that permits repurchase of up to 3% of outstanding common shares subject to the approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange7

"Manulife demonstrated resilience and delivered record net income of $7.3 billion, and core earnings of $6.2 billion in 2022," said Manulife President & Chief Executive Officer Roy Gori. "Our results reflect the strength of our diverse global franchise. Though difficult market conditions persisted this quarter, we are pleased to have generated $3.3 billion in net inflows and a core EBITDA margin8 of 30.4% in our Global WAM business on a full-year basis, enabled by our substantial scale and disciplined approach to managing operating expenses. In Asia, we ended the year with positive momentum as evidenced by core earnings growth in 4Q22 compared with the same period of 2021 and third quarter of 2022, and our Asia in-force business delivered double-digit growth for the full year despite a challenging operating environment which impacted our full year APE sales and NBV. Our North American insurance businesses also generated robust NBV growth in 2022 of 25% and 18% in the U.S. and Canada, respectively."

"We are relentlessly committed to making decisions easier and lives better for our customers. We are proud of the progress we have made on the strategic priority targets that we set in 2018, and we are confident in achieving our 2025 targets9," added Mr. Gori. "After achieving our portfolio optimization target three years ahead of schedule, we continued to make significant progress in 2022 and completed two reinsurance transactions on our legacy U.S. variable annuity block, further reducing our go-forward risk profile. In addition, we remain focused on growing our highest potential businesses and became the first global wealth and asset manager to acquire a 100% stake in a fully operating public fund management company in mainland China, upon purchasing the remaining 51% of shares in MTEDA in November 2022."

Phil Witherington, Chief Financial Officer, said, "In 2022, we achieved an expense efficiency ratio10 of 50.9% with expenses maintained in line with 2021 despite the inflationary environment, an outcome of our strategic focus on digitization and efficiency. Our capital position remains strong with a LICAT ratio of 131% and we delivered $6.9 billion in remittances, the highest in our company's history and an increase of $2.5 billion compared with the prior year, benefiting from the reinsurance of our legacy U.S. variable annuities block. Over the past year we have repurchased 4.1% of the outstanding common shares. We view share buybacks as an efficient tool to deploy excess capital and announced our intention to launch an NCIB to repurchase up to 3% of outstanding shares. Our strong balance sheet and financial flexibility position us well to execute on our strategic priorities in the months and years ahead."

"As we prepare for the adoption of the new accounting standard IFRS 17, we remain confident in the value of our products and services for both our customers and our shareholders and our ability to achieve our medium-term financial targets2," added Mr. Witherington.

"The macro environment is being shaped by three megatrends: the growth and emergence of the middle class in Asia, an aging global population, and the digitization of the consumer. Manulife's Asia and Global WAM businesses are very well positioned to capitalize on these global megatrends. We enter 2023 in a position of strength, ready to execute on our growth strategy and deliver for our customers, colleagues and shareholders, which was reflected in the 11% dividend increase approved by the Board today," Mr. Gori concluded.

2022 BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS:

We continue to execute on our ambition of being the most digital, customer-centric global company in our industry, and we have substantially progressed our business with the ambitious 2022 targets we set five years ago. We delivered $9.0 billion of cumulative capital benefits from our legacy businesses, exceeding our portfolio optimization target by $4.0 billion. We achieved the $1 billion expense efficiency target in 2020, two years ahead of schedule and delivered an expense efficiency ratio of 48.9% in 2021. In 2022, core general expenses11 and general expenses in total were in line12,13 with the prior year and our expense efficiency ratio was 50.9%, reflecting our strategic focus on digitalization and efficiency and the value of our disciplined approach to managing operating expenses during periods of topline pressure, as was the case throughout 2022, due to COVID-19 containment measures in Asia and challenging market conditions for our Global WAM business. These temporary headwinds dampened the contribution of core earnings generated from our highest potential business in 2022, which was 63%, or 4 percentage points short of our target. While our 2022 Net Promoter Score of +20 marked a significant improvement from the 2017 baseline of +1, we were short of our ambitious target of +31 as workforce capacity constraints, which have since been addressed, impacted our service levels in the first half of the year. Our high performing team has been a key enabler of these accomplishments and we achieved a top quartile employee engagement rank14 in each of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Our employee engagement score has improved steadily since 2017 and we were ranked in the top 6%14 amongst global finance and insurance companies in 2022. Looking forward, we are confident that our all-weather strategy, diverse business model and considerable financial strength and flexibility position us well to win and deliver on our 2025 strategic and medium-term financial targets15.

In 2022, our Asia segment continued to invest in our diversified distribution platform to accelerate growth and commenced offering insurance solutions to VietinBank's customers, demonstrating strong momentum in the first year of its 16-year exclusive bancassurance partnership in Vietnam. In Canada, we added innovative customer-centric enhancements across our product shelf to help Canadians focus on improving their health and wellness, including the expansion of the Manulife Vitality program to all eligible new retail term and universal life insurance policies. In the U.S., we achieved our highest ever full year domestic life insurance sales with the John Hancock Vitality PLUS feature and entered into a partnership with GRAIL, a healthcare company, as the first life insurance carrier to offer access to their leading edge, multi-cancer early detection test, Galleri®, to a pilot group of customers through John Hancock Vitality. The completion of two transactions to reinsure more than 80% of our legacy U.S. variable annuity block released $2.5 billion of capital, including a cumulative one-time after-tax net gain of $806 million.16 In Global WAM, we executed on our accelerated growth strategy with the acquisition of the remaining 51% of shares in MTEDA, as well as a significant minority equity position in ARCH Capital, an Asia-focused real estate private equity investment manager. We also expanded our Environmental, Social and Governance investment offerings with the launch of the Global Climate Action Strategy in Europe and Asia, and the launch of the Manulife Forest Climate strategy in the U.S.

Meanwhile, tremendous effort has been dedicated to driving progress in our digital journey across all segments. In Asia, we further enhanced our digital capabilities and invested in high impact digital initiatives spanning the full customer and distributor experience, such as launching Manulife Shop in the Philippines in 4Q22 to enable customers to purchase insurance online, and increasing the adoption of ePOS, our proprietary digital onboarding app, by 15 percentage points17 to 89%, enabling faster, error-free new business application submissions. In Canada, we enhanced our mobile apps across many businesses including an upgraded Manulife Vitality mobile app experience in our individual insurance business and a new user interface in the Manulife mobile app for our Group Benefits customers with additional functionality. In the U.S., we improved the producer and customer experience while contributing to a more cost-efficient operation. We reduced the average time to complete background checks for new producers within our digital brokerage and traditional brokerage channels by over 90% via automation. We also reduced call volumes for enquiries related to John Hancock Vitality customer login and registration by 39% compared with 2021 as we optimized self-service functionality. In Global WAM, our improved U.S. Retirement mobile app drove a 99% growth in users in 2022, while the Canadian Retirement mobile app launched a new feature to enable additional contributions and booking one-on-one meetings with an advisor directly in the app.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:

PROFITABILITY:

Reported net income attributed to shareholders of $7.3 billion in 2022, up $0.2 billion from 2021, and $1.9 billion in 4Q22, down $0.2 billion from 4Q21

The $0.2 billion increase in net income attributed to shareholders in 2022 was driven by gains related to the two U.S. variable annuity reinsurance transactions and the favourable impact of an increase in the Canadian corporate tax rate, partially offset by lower gains from investment-related experience and lower core earnings. Investment-related experience gains in 2022 reflected the favourable impact of fixed income reinvestment activities, strong credit experience and higher-than-expected returns (including fair value changes) on alternative long duration assets ("ALDA") primarily driven by private equity, infrastructure and timberland, partially offset by real estate. The net charge from the direct impact of markets in 2022 was primarily driven by the impact of unfavourable equity market performance and losses from the sale of available-for-sale ("AFS") bonds, partially offset by gains due to flattening of the yield curve in the U.S. and Canada.

The $0.2 billion decrease in net income attributed to shareholders in 4Q22 was primarily driven by losses from investment-related experience (compared with gains in the prior year) and a smaller gain from the direct impact of markets, partially offset by the favourable impact of an increase in the Canadian corporate tax rate and higher core earnings. Investment-related experience in 4Q22 reflected lower-than-expected returns (including fair value changes) on ALDA related to real estate, partially offset by the favourable impact of fixed income reinvestment activities and strong credit experience. The gain from the direct impact of markets in 4Q22 was primarily driven by gains due to the flattening of the yield curve in the U.S. and Canada and the impact of favourable equity market performance, partially offset by losses from corporate spread movements across several markets of differing magnitudes and from the sale of AFS bonds.

Delivered core earnings of $6.2 billion in 2022, a decrease of 7% compared with 2021, and $1.7 billion in 4Q22, a decrease of 2% compared with 4Q21

The decrease in core earnings in 2022 compared with 2021 was driven by lower new business gains in Asia and the U.S., losses from the unfavourable impact of markets on seed money investments in new and segregated mutual funds (compared with gains in the prior year) and lower net gains on the sale of AFS equities in Corporate and Other, lower net fee income from lower average AUMA18 in Global WAM, lower in-force earnings in U.S. Annuities due to the variable annuity reinsurance transactions and higher charges in our Property and Casualty Reinsurance business in 2022. These items were partially offset by higher yields on fixed income investments and lower expenses in Corporate and Other, in-force business growth in Asia and Canada and experience gains in Canada compared with losses in 2021. Lower expenses in Corporate and Other were primarily driven by lower supplemental pension expense due to market impacts.

The decrease in core earnings in 4Q22 compared with 4Q21 on a constant exchange rate basis was driven by lower net fee income from lower average AUMA in Global WAM, lower new business gains in Asia and the U.S. and lower in-force earnings in U.S. Annuities due to the variable annuity reinsurance transactions. These items were largely offset by higher yields on fixed income investments, gains on seed money investments and lower withholding taxes in Corporate and Other, improved policyholder experience in Canada and the U.S. and in-force business growth in Asia and Canada.

BUSINESS PERFORMANCE:

New business value ("NBV") of $2.1 billion in 2022, a decrease of 9% compared with 2021, and $525 million in 4Q22, a decrease of 9% compared with 4Q21

NBV was $2.1 billion in 2022, a decrease of 9% compared with 2021. In Asia, NBV was $1.3 billion in 2022, a decrease of 20% compared with the prior year, due to lower NBV in Hong Kong, Singapore and mainland China, partially offset by higher NBV in Japan and Other Emerging Markets19. NBV in Hong Kong decreased 27%, reflecting lower sales volumes, partially offset by favourable product mix and the impact of higher interest rates. NBV in Singapore and mainland China decreased 19% and 58%, respectively, reflecting changes in product mix. NBV in Vietnam was in line with the prior year, as the impact of favourable product mix was offset by lower sales volumes. NBV in Japan and Other Emerging Markets increased 28% and 5%, respectively, reflecting favourable product mix, partially offset by lower sales volumes. In Canada, NBV of $362 million was up 18% from 2021, driven by higher margins across all businesses and higher group insurance volumes, partially offset by lower volumes in annuities. In the U.S., NBV of $352 million was up 25% driven by higher interest rates, higher international sales volumes and product actions, partially offset by lower brokerage sales volumes.

NBV was $525 million in 4Q22, a decrease of 9% compared with 4Q21. In Asia, NBV decreased 17% from 4Q21 reflecting lower sales in Hong Kong and unfavourable changes in product mix in Asia Other20, partially offset by the benefit of higher interest rates and higher individual protection and other wealth sales in Japan. In Canada, NBV increased 6%, driven by higher margins in our insurance businesses, partially offset by lower volumes in annuities. In the U.S., NBV increased 12% from 4Q21, driven by higher interest rates, higher international sales volumes and product actions, partially offset by lower brokerage sales volumes.

Annualized premium equivalent ("APE") sales of $5.7 billion in 2022, a decrease of 7% compared with 2021, and $1.3 billion in 4Q22, a decrease of 12% compared with 4Q21

APE sales were $5.7 billion in 2022, a decrease of 7% compared with 2021. In Asia, COVID-19 continued to impact sales in select markets throughout the year, with the situation beginning to improve in most markets as containment measures were progressively relaxed. Travel restrictions between mainland China and, Hong Kong and Macau impacted cross-border commerce in 2022. Weaker customer sentiment negatively impacted sales in the second half of the year. Asia APE sales declined 12%, due to decreases experienced in Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam and Other Emerging Markets, partially offset by increases in mainland China and Singapore. In Hong Kong, APE sales decreased 33%, primarily reflecting weaker customer sentiment on financial planning decisions and continued COVID-19 containment measures through most of the year. In Japan, APE sales decreased 15%, reflecting lower corporate-owned life insurance product sales, partially offset by higher individual protection and other wealth sales. Vietnam APE sales decreased 9%, reflecting a decline in the agency channel, partially offset by growth in the bank channel. Other Emerging Markets APE sales decreased 4%, reflecting a decline in the agency and bank channels. Mainland China APE sales increased 4%, driven by growth in the bank channel, partially offset by a decline in the agency channel. Singapore APE sales increased 1%, reflecting growth in the bank channel offset by a decline in the broker channel. In Canada, APE sales increased 3%, primarily driven by higher sales in group insurance, participating insurance and travel insurance, partially offset by the impact of market volatility on the demand for segregated fund products, and lower universal life and health and dental sales. In the U.S., APE sales increased 1%, due to an increase in international sales, which are reported as part of U.S. segment results, partially offset by lower sales of domestic life insurance products. APE sales of products with the John Hancock Vitality PLUS feature were a record-setting US$332 million, an increase of 13% compared with 2021, reflecting the increasing attractiveness of the Vitality feature as an option for health-focused life insurance consumers.

APE sales were $1.3 billion in 4Q22, a decrease of 12% compared with 4Q21. In Asia, APE sales decreased 9%, reflecting lower sales in Hong Kong, partially offset by higher individual protection and other wealth sales in Japan and higher sales in Asia Other. In Hong Kong, APE sales decreased 35% driven by the impact of weaker customer sentiment on financial planning decisions. In Japan, APE sales increased 15% as a result of higher individual protection and other wealth sales. Asia Other APE sales increased 2%, reflecting higher bancassurance and agency sales in mainland China, partially offset by lower agency sales in Vietnam, Singapore and Other Emerging Markets. In Canada, APE sales decreased 15%, primarily driven by lower segregated fund and participating insurance sales, partially offset by higher small business group insurance sales. In the U.S., APE sales decreased 21% due to lower sales of domestic life insurance products, partially offset by an increase in international sales, which are reported as part of U.S. segment results. Demand for domestic life insurance products purchased primarily to protect household income declined. Demand also decreased for domestic life insurance products purchased primarily for estate planning due to volatility in equity markets. APE sales of products with the John Hancock Vitality PLUS feature decreased 20%, reflecting the decrease in sales of domestic life insurance products.

Reported Global Wealth and Asset Management net inflows of $3.3 billion in 2022, compared with 2021 net inflows of $27.9 billion, and net outflows of $8.3 billion in 4Q22, compared with 4Q21 net inflows of $8.1 billion

Net inflows were $3.3 billion in 2022, compared with net inflows of $27.9 billion in 2021. Net outflows in Retirement were $0.1 billion compared with net inflows of $1.1 billion in the prior year, driven by higher plan redemptions in the U.S. Net outflows in Retail were $1.6 billion compared with net inflows of $29.2 billion in the prior year, reflecting higher redemptions and lower gross flows due to decreased investor demand amid higher interest rates and equity market declines in 2022. Net inflows in Institutional Asset Management were $5.0 billion compared with net outflows of $2.4 billion in the prior year, driven by the non-recurrence of a $9.4 billion redemption in 2021 and higher equity mandate gross flows mainly from a $1.9 billion sale in the second quarter of 2022.

Net outflows were $8.3 billion in 4Q22, compared with net inflows of $8.1 billion in 4Q21. Net outflows in Retirement were $4.6 billion in 4Q22 compared with net outflows of $1.0 billion in 4Q21, driven by higher plan redemptions and lower new plan sales in the U.S. Net outflows in Retail were $4.7 billion in 4Q22 compared with net inflows of $7.5 billion in 4Q21, reflecting higher redemptions and lower gross flows driven by decreased investor demand. Net inflows in Institutional Asset Management were $0.9 billion in 4Q22 compared with net inflows of $1.6 billion in 4Q21, driven by lower net flows in real estate, timberland and infrastructure products, partially offset by higher sales of fixed income mandates.

QUARTERLY EARNINGS RESULTS CONFERENCE CALL

Manulife Financial Corporation will host a Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Results Conference Call at 8:00 a.m. ET on February 16, 2023. For local and international locations, please call 416-340-2217 or toll free, North America 1-800-806-5484 (Passcode: 6705831#). Please call in 15 minutes before the call starts. You will be required to provide your name and organization to the operator. A replay of this call will be available by 11:00 a.m. ET on February 16, 2023 through May 13, 2023 by calling 905-694-9451 or 1-800-408-3053 (Passcode: 6555267#).

The conference call will also be webcast through Manulife's website at 8:00 a.m. ET on February 16, 2023. You may access the webcast at: manulife.com/en/investors/results-and-reports. An archived version of the webcast will be available on the website following the call at the same URL as above.

The Fourth Quarter 2022 Statistical Information Package is also available on the Manulife website at: www.manulife.com/en/investors/results-and-reports.

Any information contained in, or otherwise accessible through, websites mentioned in this news release does not form a part of this document unless it is expressly incorporated by reference.

EARNINGS:

The following table presents net income attributed to shareholders, consisting of core earnings and details of the items excluded from core earnings:

NON-GAAP AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES:

The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We use a number of non-GAAP and other financial measures to evaluate overall performance and to assess each of our businesses. This section includes information required by National Instrument 52-112 – Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure in respect of "specified financial measures" (as defined therein).

Non-GAAP financial measures include core earnings (loss); pre-tax core earnings; core earnings available to common shareholders; core general expenses; core earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization ("core EBITDA"), core revenue and assets under management and administration ("AUMA").

Non-GAAP ratios include core return on common shareholders' equity ("core ROE"); diluted core earnings per common share ("core EPS"); core EBITDA margin; expense efficiency ratio; and percentage growth/decline on a constant exchange rate basis in any of the above non-GAAP financial measures.

Other specified financial measures include assets under administration; NBV; APE sales; gross flows; net flows; remittances, average assets under management and administration ("average AUMA") and percentage growth/decline in such other financial measures.

Non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios are not standardized financial measures under GAAP and, therefore, might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers. Therefore, they should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any other financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For more information on non-GAAP financial measures, including those referred to above, see the section "Non-GAAP and other financial measures" in our 2022 MD&A, which is incorporated by reference.

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings, CER basis

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings, CER basis

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings, CER basis

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings, CER basis

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Reconciliation of core earnings to net income attributed to shareholders

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings, CER basis

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings available to common shareholders

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core ROE

($ millions, unless otherwise stated)

Core EPS

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core earnings related to strategic priorities

Highest potential businesses

($ millions, post-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period)

Global WAM AUMA Reconciliation

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Reconciliation of Global WAM core earnings to core EBITDA

($ millions, pre-tax and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

Core EBITDA margin

($ millions, unless otherwise stated)

Expense Efficiency Ratio

($ millions, and based on actual foreign exchange rates in effect in the applicable reporting period, unless otherwise stated)

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:

From time to time, Manulife makes written and/or oral forward-looking statements, including in this document. In addition, our representatives may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. All such statements are made pursuant to the "safe harbour" provisions of Canadian provincial securities laws and the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

The forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to to possible share buybacks under our NCIB, and also relate to our ability to achieve our medium-term financial targets and our 2025 strategic targets and also related to, among other things, our objectives, goals, strategies, intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations and estimates, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as "may", "will", "could", "should", "would", "likely", "suspect", "outlook", "expect", "intend", "estimate", "anticipate", "believe", "plan", "forecast", "objective", "seek", "aim", "continue", "goal", "restore", "embark" and "endeavour" (or the negative thereof) and words and expressions of similar import, and include statements concerning possible or assumed future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements and they should not be interpreted as confirming market or analysts' expectations in any way.

Certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include but are not limited to: general business and economic conditions (including but not limited to the performance, volatility and correlation of equity markets, interest rates, credit and swap spreads, inflation rates, currency rates, investment losses and defaults, market liquidity and creditworthiness of guarantors, reinsurers and counterparties); the ongoing prevalence of COVID-19, including any variants, as well as actions that have been, or may be taken by governmental authorities in response to COVID-19, including the impacts of any variants; changes in laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards applicable in any of the territories in which we operate; changes in regulatory capital requirements; our ability to obtain premium rate increases on in-force policies; our ability to execute strategic plans and changes to strategic plans; downgrades in our financial strength or credit ratings; our ability to maintain our reputation; impairments of goodwill or intangible assets or the establishment of provisions against future tax assets; the accuracy of estimates relating to morbidity, mortality and policyholder behaviour; the accuracy of other estimates used in applying accounting policies, actuarial methods and embedded value methods; our ability to implement effective hedging strategies and unforeseen consequences arising from such strategies; our ability to source appropriate assets to back our long-dated liabilities; level of competition and consolidation; our ability to market and distribute products through current and future distribution channels; unforeseen liabilities or asset impairments arising from acquisitions and dispositions of businesses; the realization of losses arising from the sale of investments classified as available-for-sale; our liquidity, including the availability of financing to satisfy existing financial liabilities on expected maturity dates when required; obligations to pledge additional collateral; the availability of letters of credit to provide capital management flexibility; accuracy of information received from counterparties and the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations; the availability, affordability and adequacy of reinsurance; legal and regulatory proceedings, including tax audits, tax litigation or similar proceedings; our ability to adapt products and services to the changing market; our ability to attract and retain key executives, employees and agents; the appropriate use and interpretation of complex models or deficiencies in models used; political, legal, operational and other risks associated with our non-North American operations; geopolitical uncertainty, including international conflicts; acquisitions and our ability to complete acquisitions including the availability of equity and debt financing for this purpose; the disruption of or changes to key elements of the Company's or public infrastructure systems; environmental concerns, including climate change; our ability to protect our intellectual property and exposure to claims of infringement; and our inability to withdraw cash from subsidiaries.

Additional information about material risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations and about material factors or assumptions applied in making forward-looking statements may be found in our 2022 Management's Discussion and Analysis under "Risk Management and Risk Factors" and "Critical Actuarial and Accounting Policies" and in the "Risk Management" note to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 as well as elsewhere in our filings with Canadian and U.S. securities regulators.

The forward-looking statements in this document are, unless otherwise indicated, stated as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting investors and others in understanding our financial position and results of operations, our future operations, as well as our objectives and strategic priorities, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

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SOURCE Manulife Financial Corporation