Whether it was the Big Bang, Midas or God himself, we don't really need to unlock the mystery of the origins of gold when we've already identified an asteroid worth $700 quintillion in precious heavy metals.
If anything launches this metals mining space race, it will be this asteroid--Psyche 16, taking up residence between Mars and Jupiter and carrying around enough heavy metals to net every single person on the planet close to a trillion dollars.
The massive quantities of gold, iron and nickel contained in this asteroid are mind-blowing. The discovery has been made. Now, it's a question of proving it up.
NASA plans to do just that, beginning in 2022.
Of course, says veteran miner
Scott Moore, CEO of
EuroSun Mining "The ‘Titans of Gold' now control hundreds of the best-producing properties around the world, but the 4-5 million ounces of gold they bring to the market every year pales in comparison to the conquests available in space."
In the decades to come, if you want to be a gold titan, you'll have to get your feet off the ground. The real titans will far from Earth.
Moore should know: He heads up a junior mining company that is seeking a seat at the titan table with the biggest in-development gold mine in Europe.
The 21st-Century Gold Rush
Can we actually extract this space gold? That is the quintillion-dollar question, certainly.
Speaking to
Outerplaces, Professor John Zarnecki, president of the Royal Astronomical Society, estimates that it would take around 25 years to get ‘proof of concept', and 50 years to start commercial production.
Of course, it all depends on two key things: Economic feasibility and our advancement of space technology.
And then, we're not alone, either. There are other world powers who would like to get their hands on that asteroid, as well. China definitively plans to dominate this race.
Mitch Hunter-Scullion, founder of the UK-based Asteroid Mining Company,
tells the BBC that this is definitively the next industry "boom".
"Once you set up the infrastructure then the possibilities are almost infinite," he said. "There's an astronomical amount of money to be made by those bold enough to rise to the challenge of the asteroid rush."
EuroSun's Moore agrees: "What we're doing on the ground now may be impressive, but like everything else, even gold exploration in space is only a matter of infrastructure. We'll get to it, eventually."
But it's not just about the quintillion-dollar prospects of the Asteroid Belt, which is 750 million kilometers from Earth.
"This may be the Holy Grail of space exploration for gold, but it won't be the first stop on this adventure," Moore says.
There are also Near-Earth asteroids, which pass close to Earth and could be pushed into an orbit from which water and other elements could be extracted.
Then there's the moon, which holds resources from gold and platinum group metals to Helium-3, water and rare earth metals. Even though mining operations require gravity and the Moon's is only one-sixth of Earth's, scientists say there is enough gravity to make it work.
The Global Asteroid Mining Market
Yes, there is already a global market for asteroid mining, and
Allied Market Research estimates that it will top $3.8 billion by 2025.
They're counting ongoing and future space missions, the rise in inflow of investments in space mining technologies, and the growing use of print materials obtained from asteroids in 3D printing technology.
According to Allied, while the spacecraft design segment of this market accounted for four-fifths of the total revenue in 2017 and is expected to continue to dominate through 2025, the big change here will be in the space mining segment, or the "operation segment". That segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 29% by 2025 "due to a surge in investment by public and private stakeholders in space mining technologies for resource exploitation".
"You can't just think of space mining as something that will suddenly happen in 25 or 50 years," says EuroSun's Moore. "It's already happening from an investment perspective. And the Asteroid Belt is just one aspect of this market. The entire global space market is worth hundreds of billions already."
Indeed, Morgan Stanley estimates the global space economy to be worth
$350 billion today. By 2040, it will be worth a cosmic
$2.7 trillion.
Nor is the Psyche-16 Asteroid the only thing of interest in the Belt. Another small asteroid measuring 200 meters in length could be worth
$30 billion in platinum.
Who Will Get There First?
China has vowed to dominate this race, and that's an easier game for a country that controls all the major natural resource companies and maintains a tight leash on tech developers.
That's not to say that the U.S. doesn't have ambitions here. The difference, though, is stark. While NASA is focused on space exploration and scientific missions, China is focused on a space-based economy that is zeroing in on long-term wealth generation.
Even Europe, where
EuroSun is developing a major goldmine in Romania, has its hand in the game. In January, the
European Space Agency (ESA) announced a deal with ArianeGroup, the parent company of Arianespace, to study a prep mission to the moon in 2025. It's got natural resources on its mind.
Even tiny Luxembourg has 10 space-mining companies registered since 2016, with some targeting space ventures to the Moon, and others eyeing near-Earth asteroids for mining.
Tokyo-based iSpace, for instance, is a private space exploration company that plans to complete a lunar orbit in 2020, and a soft landing in 2021.
For Moore, the prospect is daunting, even if it is the clear future reality, because mining in EuroSun's Rovina Valley project in west-central Romania has been a cakewalk, both in terms of geology and infrastructure. Everything lines up for a
large, low-cost project (the biggest in-development gold mine in Europe.) That won't be the case in space, but it's a big bill that governments will want to help foot or risk losing their place in space.
Whoever gets there first will become the new god of gold, and the competition is heating up.
A few companies that could vie for a spot in the space-race are majors like…
Seabridge Gold Inc. (NYSE:SA) (TSX:SEA)
Seabridge is an ambitious young company taking the industry by storm. It has a unique strategy of acquiring promising properties while precious metals prices are low, expanding through exploration, and then putting them up for grabs as prices head upward again.
The company owns four core assets in Canada; the KSM project, which is one of the world's largest underdeveloped projects measured by reserves, Courageous Lake, a historically renowned property, and Iskut, a product of a recent acquisition by Seabridge.
Recently, Seabridge closed a major extension deal to continue expansion at its KSM project. CEO Rudi Fronk stated: "We are pleased that our EA Certificate has been renewed until 2024 under the same terms and conditions, reaffirming the Government of British Columbia's support for KSM and the robustness of the original 2014 EA."
Teck Resources (NYSE:TECK) (TSX:TECK)
Teck could be one of the best-diversified miners out there, with a broad portfolio of Copper, Zinc, Energy, Gold, Silver and Molybdenum assets. Its free cash flow and a lower volatility outlook for base metals in combination with a potential trade war breakthrough could send the stock higher in H2 of this year.
Teck's share price stabilized last year and many investment banks now see the stock as undervalued. Low prices for Canadian crude and disappointing base metals prices weighed on Q4 earnings.
Despite its struggles, however, Teck Resources recently received a favorable investment rating from Fitch and Moody's, and will likely benefit from its upgraded score. "Having investment grade ratings is very important to us and confirms the strong financial position of the company," said Don Lindsay, President and CEO. "We are very pleased to receive this second credit rating upgrade."
Kinross Gold Corporation (NYSE:KGC) (TSX:K)
Kinross Gold Corporation is relatively new on the scene, founded in the early 90s, but it certainly isn't lacking drive or experience. In 2015, the company received the highest ranking for of any Canadian miner in Maclean's magazine's annual assessment of socially responsible companies.
While Kinross posted a significant loss in the fourth quarter of 2018, the company is making strong moves to turn around its earnings, including the hiring of a new CFO, Andrea S. Freeborough.
"Andrea's successful track record at Kinross and throughout her career, including accounting, international finance, M&A, and deep management experience, will be an excellent addition to our leadership team," said Mr. Rollinson. "We have great talent at Kinross and succession planning is a key aspect of retaining that talent for the future success of our Company."
Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. (NYSE:WPM) (TSX:WPM)
Wheaton is a company with its hands in operations all around the world. As one of the largest ‘streaming' companies on the planet, Wheaton has agreements with 19 operating mines and 9 projects still in development. Its unique business model allows it to leverage price increases in the precious metals sector, as well as provide a quality dividend yield for its investors.
Recently, Wheaton sealed a deal with Hudbay Minerals Inc. relating to its Rosemont project. For an initial payment of $230 million, Wheaton is entitled to 100 percent of payable gold and silver at a price of $450 per ounce and $3.90 per ounce respectively.
Randy Smallwood, Wheaton's President and Chief Executive Officer explained, "With their most recent successful construction of the Constancia mine in Peru, the Hudbay team has proven themselves to be strong and responsible mine developers, and we are excited about the same team moving this project into production. Rosemont is an ideal fit for Wheaton's portfolio of high-quality assets, and when it is in production, should add well over fifty thousand gold equivalent ounces to our already growing production profile."
Eldorado Gold Corp. (NYSE:EGO) (ELD.TO)
This Canadian mid-cap miner has assets in Europe and Brazil and has managed to cut cost per ounce significantly in recent years. Though its share price isn't as high as it once was, Eldorado is well positioned to make significant advancements in the near-term.
In 2018, Eldorado produced over 349,000 ounces of gold, well above its previous expectations, and is set to boost production even further in 2019. Additionally, Eldorado is planning increased cash flow and revenue growth this year.
Eldorado's President and CEO, George Burns, stated: "As a result of the team's hard work in 2018, we are well positioned to grow annual gold production to over 500,000 ounces in 2020. We expect this will allow us to generate significant free cash flow and provide us with the opportunity to consider debt retirement later this year. "
By. Joao Piexe for Oilprice.com
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By Joao Peixe of Oilprice.com