One of the most important recent developments in the world of finance was the September liquidity crisis in the U.S. repo market. As a reminder, the repo market is where borrowers borrow cash from lenders against collateral in the form of safe securities such as government bonds. As we wrote in the
Gold News Monitor, the U.S. overnight repo rate, which is the rate demanded to get cash in exchange for Treasuries for 24 hours,
shot up from slightly above 2 percent to as high as 10 percent.
In response to this liquidity shortage,
the New York Fed announced that it would conduct a $75 billion overnight repo operation every weekday until October 10, 2019, plus three 14-day repo operations on September 24, 26 and 27. The panic has been contained, while the interest rates came back to their more normal levels. Mission accomplished, right?
Not so fast! On October 4, the New York Fed
said that it would extend the overnight and term repurchase operations until November 4, 2019. And on October 11, the FOMC
announced that the Fed will purchase Treasury bills at least into the second quarter of next year and will conduct term and overnight repurchase agreement operations at least through January of next year. So, everything is fine, but
the repurchase operations will last longer. The
GDP is growing at a decent pace, while the
unemployment rate is at the lowest level in 50 years, but the Fed expands its
balance sheet and cuts
interest rates. Something stinks here, dear Watson!
And we know what! It’s the smell of bursting
bubbles.
It’s the odour of recession. It seems that the Fed tries to keep the excessively leveraged financial market afloat and prevent its meltdown. At the same time, the U.S. central bank does not want to encourage an even more excessive risk-taking. It reminds us of the 1920s, when the
Fed wanted to stimulate the real economy and prevent the stock market bubble at the same time. But it was impossible, as the money quickly flew into the asset markets. There is no eating and having one’s cake too. There is no squaring the circle. You cannot support the financial market and curb its risky activities. This would not end nicely. You cannot intervene in the market without spurring some side effects. This is why the Fed’s
monetary policy is doomed to fail.
All the Fed’s tightening cycles ended badly with the sole exception of the 1994 experience. And this time will be probably no different, despite the recent dovish U-turn.
The repo crisis clearly shows that liquidity is substantially lower, while risk and debt accumulation higher than estimated. Market players have to be more leveraged than previously thought and thus reluctant to take more risk and lend cash against Treasuries at the current ultralow level of interest rates. Who knows:
maybe this is the beginning of the burst of the bond bubble?
Anyhow, problems accumulate and the Fed is likely to resume the
quantitative easing.
Powell does not, of course, want to admit it. At the September press conference, he mumbled something about “assessing the question of when it will be appropriate to resume the organic growth of our balance sheet.” On October 8, Powell promised that “my colleagues and I will soon announce measures to add to the supply of reserves over time.” However, he added that “this is not QE. In no sense is this QE.”
He is right in one thing. The scale is smaller. As one can see in the chart below, under QE1, the Fed bought securities worth around $1.2 trillion over eight months, or about $150 billion per month. Now, the US central banks conducts $75 billion repo operations. But it has very little to do with organic expansion. In the four year prior the
Great Recession, the Fed’s balance sheet was increasing by about $2.6 billion per month on average. So, if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck. If the recent expansion of the Fed’s balance sheet looks like the quantitative easing,
it is quantitative easing, and not ‘organic growth’.
Chart 1: Fed’s balance sheet from January 2003 to October 2019.
What does it mean for gold prices? The next round of QE should be supportive for the yellow metal. You are right that not all rounds were positive for the bullion. For example, the QE3 increased confidence among investors and sent gold prices lower. However, the upcoming expansion of the Fed’s balance sheet will occur in the period of high trade uncertainty and elevated recessionary risk. So,
it should be more supportive for gold, especially if it translates into weaker U.S. dollar (which is, however, not so certain, given the sheer scale of various monetary operation of other major central banks).
If you enjoyed the above analysis and would you like to know more about the fundamentals of the gold market, we invite you to read the November
Gold Market Overview and . If you’re interested in the detailed price analysis and price projections with targets, we invite you to sign up for our
Gold & Silver Trading Alerts. If you’re not ready to subscribe yet and are not on our gold mailing list yet, we urge you to sign up. It’s free and if you don’t like it, you can easily unsubscribe.
Sign up today!
Thank you.
Arkadiusz Sieron
Sunshine Profits‘
Gold News and
Gold Market Overview Editor
* * * * *
All essays, research and information found above represent analyses and opinions of Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA and Sunshine Profits' associates only. As such, it may prove wrong and be a subject to change without notice. Opinions and analyses were based on data available to authors of respective essays at the time of writing. Although the information provided above is based on careful research and sources that are believed to be accurate, Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA and his associates do not guarantee the accuracy or thoroughness of the data or information reported. The opinions published above are neither an offer nor a recommendation to purchase or sell any securities. Mr. Radomski is not a Registered Securities Advisor. By reading Przemyslaw Radomski's, CFA reports you fully agree that he will not be held responsible or liable for any decisions you make regarding any information provided in these reports. Investing, trading and speculation in any financial markets may involve high risk of loss. Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA, Sunshine Profits' employees and affiliates as well as members of their families may have a short or long position in any securities, including those mentioned in any of the reports or essays, and may make additional purchases and/or sales of those securities without notice.