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Converge Technology Solutions (CTS) Research Report
“If you’re going to invest in stocks for the longer term, there are going to be periods when there's a lot of agony. I think you just have to learn to live through them.” - Warren Buffett
Converge Technology Solutions Corp. is a North American IT solution provider. They specialize in helping organizations modernize their IT infrastructure, leverage emerging technologies, and optimize their operations to drive business growth and innovation. Converge offers a wide range of IT services, including cloud solutions, cybersecurity, advanced analytics, digital infrastructure, and managed services. In 2018, Converge went public with a strategy to consolidate small and medium-sized IT service providers (ITSPs). Initially successful, it attracted investors, including us, interested in both inorganic and organic business growth. However, in 2022, the M&A strategy faced challenges due to accumulated debt and a declining share price. Converge acquired well, but the problem was that it was not integrating these acquisitions and deriving revenue or cost synergies. Our initial mistake in this investment was believing that the management team was doing both things well. Value investors typically step in as a stock declines like this, however, Converge's situation was complicated. The company had become a disparate collection of businesses through rapid M&A. In addition, Converge faced working capital problems. Capital tied up in working capital resulted in a lack of free cash flow, causing skepticism among value investors about reported earnings. There was also the issue of a reputed CFO departing just after a few months on the job! All this contributed to a decline in the stock price from C$12 per share in 2021 to a low of $2.3 per share in 2023 as there were no natural buyers of the stock. At its bottom, it was trading for 3x EV/EBITDA. We held several meetings with management, including the new CFO, Avijit Kamboj, and determined that Converge is headed in the right direction. At that point, we significantly added to the position. Since then, Converge has undergone significant changes including putting the M&A strategy on hold. We anticipate improvements in free cash flow conversion in 2024, along with structural changes leading to margin expansion. The outlook for 2024 and 2025 includes modest revenue growth, margin expansion, and low double-digit earnings growth. Additionally, with better free cash flow conversion, Converge aims to deleverage its balance sheet and repurchase stock. We believe all this will lead to a re-rating and narrow the gap to intrinsic value.
Business In 2016, Shaun Maine incorporated Converge Partners to implement the roll-up strategy, targeting regional ITSPs in North America. In the beginning, the roll-up strategy at Converge, led by Shaun, generated significant shareholder value. Converge went public in 2018 and continued its M&A strategy. The idea was very simple: buy small ITSPs and derive synergies on cross-selling, costs, and managed services. Converge's affiliated companies distribute a diverse array of products and solutions, encompassing standard hardware like laptops and mobile devices, business analytic software, AI solutions, blockchain solutions, cybersecurity software, public and private cloud solutions, data centers, networking, and storage products, among others. Most of Converge’s existing customers are small-to-mid-sized enterprises or state/local governments. Here is an overview of the business:
We have talked about IT services companies before with our report on EPAM. ITSPs bridge the gap between suppliers and customers in a highly fragmented environment. Customers struggle to select vendors and manage IT spending efficiently, while even large suppliers find it challenging to reach every customer effectively. The primary role of an ITSP is to provide outsourced distribution/sales for suppliers and outsourced procurement for consumers. For context, Converge, CGI, Accenture, and CDW boast extensive vendor relationships, along with a range of in-house solutions. In addition to using ITSPs for procurement, many customers are increasingly turning to IT professional services for enhancing digital capabilities and implementing new IT products and services through project-based work. The growing complexity and diversity of IT solutions pose challenges for most non-experts. Converge is a little different than full service IT services companies and contributes value to customers in three key ways: Offer software, hardware, and services either as resellers or directly. Provide project-based professional services encompassing design, configuration, integration, installation, and implementation Offer ongoing managed services, essentially functioning as outsourced IT. This is the highest margin and most recurring revenue part of the business. Managed IT services are gaining popularity as IT service providers take on ongoing responsibilities. Outsourcing IT functions to external experts proves cost-effective and reliable, especially for small-to-mid-market clients. For example, overseeing a customer's cloud requirements, managing cybersecurity, managing networks etc. The key variables are uptime and how fast the IT services company responds to tickets or problems faced by the customer. Converge’s focus has now been on growing this part of the business. They have consolidated the operations in Mexico and standardizing processes so that they can increase the profitability of this division.
There is a really good report on Converge by ‘The 10th Man’. Anyone interested in reading in detail about the business, industry, M&A strategy should give that report a read. The investment thesis is as follows: Converge will increase margins by integrating the front and back end of all its acquisitions thereby deriving synergies. In addition, free cash flow conversation will normalize that will then help Converge to pay down debt and buy-back stock. All these factors will force the market to re-rate the company closer to its peers. “Our focus continues to be reinvesting back in our business, our innovations and on completing the integration of previous acquisitions, all in addition to paying down our debt and repurchasing our stock. We are capable of pulling several levers simultaneously with the cash we expect to generate from operations.”
Margins Converge was good at acquiring businesses but was not very good at integrating them. A lot of its current problems stem from this fact! The organizational landscape became increasingly complex as they focused on M&A. The acquisitions were made across verticals and across geographies. In fact, I would go as far as some acquisitions had no strategic rationale and were only made because they could be had for a decent multiple. Converge acknowledged challenges in encouraging Value-Added Reseller (VAR) salespeople to sell services. This issue is attributed to the relationship-oriented individual model, making it difficult to transition them into service-oriented sales roles. Once M&A stopped and management understood that they had to execute for organic growth, they changed tack and started integrating the acquired companies. “So our North America integration is the fastest integration continues to be on track. As I mentioned on last quarter's call, our front office is primarily integrated with our back office as we're working on this new ERP, which goes live mid next year, that's where you'll probably see the biggest synergies and operational efficiencies. We continue to look at how we're going to integrate our European business, given that there are 2 separate restrictions. We are on a path to integrate the 2 businesses, distinct businesses that we bought in Germany into one Converge Germany.” - Greg Berard (Q3 Earnings Call) Today, they are largely done integrating the front end.They significantly changed the sales organization and their incentive structure to align with the new priorities. The sales organization is now compensated on gross margins, cash conversation and sales of managed services. To provide some more detail, the current approach involves organizing regional structures led by VPs, with an emphasis on consolidating sales individuals within these structures. The transformation involves categorizing them into practice areas, enabling Converge to track the number of practice areas each sales representative is managing. Currently, 60% of sales reps are handling sales across four practice areas. On the back end, Converge has decided to implement NetSuite as the new ERP solution. The primary objective is to unify all North American operations on a single, effective system. In addition, Converge will be able to seamlessly integrate and consolidate all relevant data for improved efficiency and accuracy in the operations. The other factor that will help with margins is managed services. As we have mentioned before, the whole organization is now focused on growing the services, and specifically, managed services business.
“We want to get to $1 bn in managed services. We have 10K IBM reps selling our solutions. Most pure play do not have this channel. Mid market companies cannot manage their network. Can we do it for you? Yes! Demand is very strong. We also do analytics on the cloud.” - Shain Maine (CEO) In essence, the margin lift comes from, Front-end and back-end integration Higher proportion of professional and managed services Converge has been making EBITDA margins of ~5-6% but has the potential to make margins of 7-8% over the longer term. We believe we will see snippets of this in 2024 with margins approaching 8% in 2025. Converge has made these margins in the past and this will be in-line with its peer group. Cash Conversion Converge was a negative working capital company in 2020/21 but this flipped 180 degrees in 2022/23. With so much M&A, there is always a risk that target companies inflated their revenues and that the actual cash from these revenues may not materialize. This remains a risk with Converge and some part of the revenue may never come back but, (a) Converge has not made a new acquisition recently and all past acquisitions have now been more or less integrated, and (b) Incentive structures have been changed and policies have been put in place to convert earnings into cash flow. This cash conversion problem was made worse by the fact that Converge produced an ‘adj free cash flow’ metric. When a business has leverage on the balance sheet and needs to pay interest expense, then it can only be paid with real free cash flow and not ‘adj free cash flow’. I think the management understands this now. Converge started compensating sales executives with payments tied to invoicing rather than cash receipts. However, there has been a recent shift in the commission structure. All incentives are now set to cash. To reinforce this, regional VPs regularly convene on calls, underscoring the importance of customer payments as a fundamental aspect of their operations. The message is clear: customers must fulfill their payment obligations. This is already bearing fruit and Converge had a fantastic Q3 from a cash collection perspective. “The snapback in cash generation this quarter was driven by moving swiftly to implement improved receivables and payables processes across the company with disciplined measures being put in place to better define terms and parameters for our contracts and operating hurdles for our operation. Implementation of these improvements is in progress and will continue.” - CFO (Q3 Earnings Call) With maturation of acquisitions, new ERP, and change in incentives we believe cash conversion will increasingly get better. The CFO has a target of 55-60% cash conversion between EBITDA and FCF and we believe this number.
Financials
As we can see FCF conversion suffered in 2022 and this was all due to the $77 mn in working capital. In addition, actual cash conversion also suffered from ‘one time items’ related to M&A and increasing interest expense as all of Converge’s debt is floating rate.
The net debt concluded the quarter at around $307.5 million, leading to a leverage ratio of 1.84x of TTM EBITDA. Converge has about $292 million in available capital encompassing cash reserves and the available capacity under the credit facility. It will likely use about 50% of its FCF to pay down debt and the balance reserved for investments in the business and share buybacks. Converge is currently valued at 6.5x EV/EBITDA and we believe this is extremely cheap for the quality of the business. As investors realize that the cash conversion is real and as Converge pays down debt and buys back stock, we believe that the market will value Converge closer to 10x EV/EBITDA which means the stock can double in 3 years from these levels.