RE:RE:RE:Definition of courageIvanhoe cannot bribe DRC politicians, because it is in direct contravention to the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act. In order to get money to the politicians, it has to be done indirectly, or the officials must do it themselves through Gecamines or the state bank accounts. This is one reason the Chinese have an advantage over the Western countries. They can make small payments directly to the guys in power, to avoid larger payments to the central treasury. In practice, it may be difficult to enforce, and the political will may not be there in Canada. However, you may recall some big cases such as SNC Lavalin, or more recent and analogous examples such as Katanga Mining and Mag Industries, both mining companies in the DRC.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/glencore-probed-for-bribery-in-congo-1511190334
https://www.mccarthy.ca/transactions_and_cases_detail.aspx?id=8781
https://www.mcinnescooper.com/publications/its-official-facilitation-payments-to-foreign-public-officials-violates-canadas-corruption-of-foreign-public-officials-act-cfpoa/