3.5 Accredited investor
(1) Individual qualification – financial tests
An individual is an “accredited investor” for the purposes of NI 45-106 if the individual satisfies one of four tests set out in the “accredited investor” definition in section 1.1 of NI 45-106:
- the $1,000,000 financial asset test in paragraph (j)
- the $5,000,000 financial asset test in paragraph (j.1)
- the net income test in paragraph (k)
- the net asset test in paragraph (l)
Three branches of the definition (in paragraphs (j), (k) and (l)) are designed to treat spouses as a single investing unit, so that either spouse qualifies as an “accredited investor” if the combined financial assets of both spouses exceed $1,000,000, the combined net income of both spouses exceeds $300,000, or the combined net assets of both spouses exceeds $5,000,000.
The fourth branch, the $5,000,000 financial asset test, does not treat spouses as a single investing unit. If an individual meets the $5,000,000 financial asset test, they also meet the test to be a “permitted client” under NI 31-103. Permitted clients are entitled to waive the “know your client” and suitability obligations of registered dealers and advisers under NI 31-103. Under subsection 2.3(7) of NI 45-106, an issuer distributing securities under the accredited investor exemption to an individual who meets the $5,000,000 financial asset test in paragraph (j.1) under the definition of “accredited investor” is not required to obtain a signed risk acknowledgement in Form 45-106F9 Form for Individual Accredited Investors from that individual.
For the purposes of the financial asset tests in paragraphs (j) and (j.1), “financial assets” are defined in NI 45-106 to mean cash, securities, or a contract of insurance, a deposit or an evidence of a deposit that is not a security for the purposes of securities legislation. These financial assets are generally liquid or relatively easy to liquidate. The value of a purchaser’s personal residence is not included in a calculation of financial assets.
By comparison, the net asset test under paragraph (l) means all of the purchaser’s total assets
minus all of the purchaser’s total liabilities. Accordingly, for the purposes of the net asset test, the calculation of total assets would include the value of a purchaser’s personal residence and the calculation of total liabilities would include the amount of any liability (such as a mortgage) in respect of the purchaser’s personal residence.
If the combined net income of both spouses does not exceed $300,000, but the net income of one of the spouses exceeds $200,000, only the spouse whose net income exceeds $200,000 qualifies as an accredited investor.